2026 Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get With a Social Emotional Learning Degree

Imed Bouchrika, PhD

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Choosing a career with a social-emotional learning degree raises critical questions about financial outcomes, especially when weighing the wage premium earned through graduate degrees versus bachelor's credentials. Adding professional licensure or certification often translates into significant salary growth, yet this varies widely by industry and region.

For example, data shows that social-emotional learning professionals with advanced credentials earn up to 30% more annually than those without licensure. Such figures challenge prospective students to carefully consider return on investment against alternative credential paths. This article explores these factors in depth to guide readers toward financially informed decisions aligned with their career and income objectives.

Key Things to Know About the Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get With a Social Emotional Learning Degree

  • Graduate credentials in social-emotional learning typically yield a 15-25% wage premium, significantly enhancing earning potential compared to bachelor's-level roles in educational and counseling sectors.
  • Professional licensure and certification, such as Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), can increase salaries by up to 20%, reflecting higher demand and advanced qualification recognition.
  • Return on investment for a social-emotional learning degree often surpasses alternative pathways, with shorter time-to-credential and stronger job market alignment in mental health and educational industries.

What Exactly Does a Social Emotional Learning Degree Qualify You to Do in Today's Job Market?

A social-emotional learning degree prepares graduates for diverse roles focused on emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, and effective communication strategies within educational, clinical, and organizational settings. Recognized by employers and licensing bodies, including guidance from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), this degree provides specialized knowledge in emotional regulation, conflict resolution, and relationship building.

This credential also factors into the highest-paying social-emotional learning degree careers in the United States, where advanced qualifications often lead to superior salary outcomes.

  • Core Competencies: Degree holders bring technical expertise in evidence-based interventions, strong analytical skills to assess social dynamics and emotional growth, and interpersonal abilities crucial for leading group interactions and fostering inclusive environments. These skills differentiate candidates from those relying solely on on-the-job experience or alternative certification pathways, as demonstrated in employer job postings across platforms like Lightcast and LinkedIn Insights.
  • Credential Advantage: Compared with informal experience, a social-emotional learning degree signals rigorous academic training and a deeper theoretical foundation, qualities highly valued in educational institutions and healthcare organizations seeking licensed or credentialed staff. This credential thus supports upward mobility and access to credential-gated employment opportunities.
  • Scope and Limitations: Although valuable, this degree alone does not grant the licenses required for clinical mental health roles; state-specific certifications or licenses in counseling or psychology are typically necessary. Graduates may pursue open-entry jobs such as youth program management or educational support, but must obtain additional credentials for clinical practice. A common misconception is equating social-emotional learning with clinical psychology or social work, while it is primarily an educational and developmental framework rather than a diagnostic or treatment discipline.
  • Degree Levels and Earnings: Bachelor's degree holders usually start in entry-level positions with potential for growth through experience and additional certification. Master's and doctoral degrees correlate closely with top earnings, especially in specialized roles like licensed school psychologists or educational consultants. Salary outlooks emphasize how advanced social-emotional learning degrees create higher income potential compared to alternative career pathways.

Those interested in social-emotional learning degree job opportunities and salary outlook should carefully consider the wage premiums that come with graduate credentials and necessary professional licensure. To understand the financial commitment in related fields, see 'How much does it cost to become a medical coder?' for a comparative perspective on credentialing expenses and returns.

Table of contents

Which Social Emotional Learning Jobs Command the Highest Salaries Right Now?

Social-emotional learning degree holders seeking the highest-paying social-emotional learning careers in the United States often find notable salary differences tied to experience, degree level, and industry sector. Data from the latest Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, supplemented by the National Compensation Survey, reveals top licensed social emotional learning jobs with salary data reflecting diverse earning potentials.

  • School Psychologists: These professionals typically lead salary charts due to their specialized roles in mental health and student development. Median wages approximate $79,000 annually, with the 75th percentile exceeding $95,000 and the top decile surpassing $110,000.
  • Counselors and Behavioral Specialists: SEL graduates working in school or clinical counseling report median salaries near $48,000, with upper quartile wages around $67,000 and top decile salaries above $85,000.
  • Educational Program Directors: Those managing SEL programs and curricula command median earnings near $95,000; experienced directors earn over $120,000.
  • Social Workers Specializing in Education: These professionals earn median salaries around $57,000, with the highest earners exceeding $75,000 annually.

Many of these highest-paying roles involve competition between social-emotional learning degree holders and candidates from psychology, social work, or education backgrounds. In this competitive market, an SEL degree delivers distinct advantages when combined with graduate studies, professional licensure, and specialization. Salary outcomes further depend heavily on factors such as:

This nuanced financial landscape enables prospective students to evaluate whether investing in a social-emotional learning degree aligns with their income goals and career plans compared to alternative pathways. For those interested in parallel clinical roles, it may be worthwhile to explore how to become a nurse practitioner, a different yet high-demand healthcare position with competitive salary prospects.

How Does Degree Level-Bachelor's vs. Master's vs. Doctoral-Affect Social Emotional Learning Earning Potential?

Understanding how different degree levels impact earning potential is important for students, professionals, and career planners. Each level of education can lead to different opportunities, responsibilities, and salary outcomes across various fields and industries.

  • Bachelor's Degree: Typically, those with a bachelor's in social emotional learning land entry-level roles such as program coordinators, specialists, or supervised school counselors. Annual salaries generally fall between $45,000 and $60,000, with funding sources and geography playing a significant role. In nonprofits and well-supported school districts, bachelor's holders can secure competitive compensation without advanced degrees.
  • Master's Degree Premium: A master's degree often opens doors to licensed positions like certified school counselors and clinical social workers specializing in social-emotional learning. Median incomes rise to the $60,000-$80,000 range. Many states and employers require this credential for independent practice, making it a critical step for those seeking improved job security, better pay, and leadership positions in education.
  • Doctoral Degree Distinction: Doctoral credentials, whether professional Ed.D. or research-oriented Ph.D., are typically necessary to attain senior roles such as program directors, university faculty, or researchers. Salaries in these positions span from $90,000 to beyond $120,000, reflecting the advanced skills and leadership expected. Doctorates also enable involvement in policy advising and organizational consulting, where influence and remuneration peak.
  • Time-to-Payoff Considerations: Prospective students must balance extended study duration and tuition expenses against future salary gains. The income boost from graduate degrees may be offset initially by lost earnings and educational debt, especially for those pursuing higher-level doctorates.
  • Credentialing Pathways: Bachelor's graduates seeking licensed roles often find a master's in social-emotional learning or counseling to be the most efficient route to better compensation. Those switching careers without a relevant undergraduate background may require prerequisite coursework before graduate study, extending the time before financial returns. Doctoral programs suit candidates focused on leadership, research, or academia, where long-term gains justify delayed workforce entry.
  • Industry and Geographic Variation: Income differences also hinge on employment sector, public schools, private institutions, healthcare, nonprofits, and regional pay scales, which shape credential value and salary levels.

A professional who completed a social emotional learning degree shared that navigating degree choices was complex: "Deciding whether to pursue my master's or jump into doctoral studies was tough. The masters' gave me licensed practice and a decent salary fast, but I worried about hitting a ceiling.

Going for the doctorate was daunting. It meant years away from full income and juggling coursework with family life. Yet, I knew this was necessary to lead programs and influence policies. Taking time to calculate costs and career goals made the decision clearer, even if the path wasn't straightforward." This reflection underscores how the degree level profoundly shapes earning potential and career opportunities in the field.

Which Industries and Employers Pay Social Emotional Learning Graduates the Most?

Compensation for social-emotional learning degree holders varies greatly by industry and employer type, shaping financial outcomes for graduates. Several key sectors emerge as the highest-paying industries for social-emotional learning graduates, each influenced by distinct organizational and market dynamics.

  • Private Sector: Large corporations in healthcare, education technology, and human resources consulting tend to offer top salaries. Their substantial revenues support competitive compensation, especially for roles focused on workplace well-being and organizational development.
  • Government Employers: Federal and state agencies engaged in education, mental health, and juvenile justice provide stable funding and strategic roles. Although government pay may sometimes trail corporate offers, policy and regulatory positions in social-emotional learning command strong salaries due to their critical impact.
  • Nonprofit Sector: Organizations devoted to education reform and community outreach attract many graduates. Salaries here generally start lower than in private firms, yet senior nonprofit leadership and grant, funded positions approach comparable pay levels.
  • Self-Employed Professionals: Building a private practice or offering coaching services allows some social-emotional learning experts to exceed typical salary ranges, depending heavily on professional reputation and certifications.
  • Degree and Credentials Impact: Graduate degrees and specialized certifications, such as licenses in counseling or coaching, substantially elevate earning potential. For instance, a master's-level specialist working in corporate training might earn upwards of $85,000 annually, compared to approximately $50,000 in entry nonprofit roles.
  • Industry Conditions: Higher wages align with sectors facing talent shortages and critical outcomes. Healthcare and technology industries, where compliance needs and burnout prevention are priorities, drive demand for qualified social-emotional learning professionals and increase salaries.
  • Strategic Job Search: Graduates aiming for better pay should focus on developing industry-relevant skills like conflict resolution and program design, while cultivating networks within target sectors and pursuing credentials that align with employer demands. Mid-career professionals may also explore accelerated LPN programs to expand their credentials via pathways like accelerated LPN programs, enhancing marketability.

What Geographic Markets Offer the Best-Paying Social Emotional Learning Jobs?

Some metropolitan areas lead in offering top median wages for social-emotional learning jobs, but adjusting salaries for local living costs reveals more accurate financial advantages. The San Francisco Bay Area ranks highest in nominal pay, driven by its concentration of prestigious educational institutions and tech-focused schools emphasizing student well-being. Yet, high housing expenses temper its real wage benefits.

  • New York City Metro Area, New York: This market features numerous employers in education and social services, with strong salaries for licensed clinical social workers and school psychologists. The densely packed employer network preserves ample opportunities despite cost-of-living adjustments narrowing salary differences.
  • Denver-Aurora, Colorado: Affordable living combined with competitive pay make this a rising hub for specialists in social emotional learning, supported by local education policies.
  • Seattle-Tacoma, Washington: Thanks to tech sector spillover, Seattle offers above-average wages, especially for candidates with advanced degrees. Expanding remote work options enables some roles to maintain high earnings without geographic constraints.
  • Southern States (Texas Metro Areas, Atlanta, Charlotte): Though offering more moderate nominal salaries, these regions benefit from lower living costs, resulting in attractive purchasing power. Flexible hybrid models promote geographic equity, particularly helpful for licensed counselors with flexible client proximity.

The rise of remote and hybrid employment is reshaping social-emotional learning, salary gaps, and geography. While many program coordinators, consultants, and licensed therapists can work remotely, avoiding relocation costs, some roles require being on-site due to licensing or direct client interaction. Job seekers should carefully balance relocating to higher-paying but costly markets against staying remote in affordable areas.

When asked about her perspective on geographic markets offering the best-paying social-emotional learning roles, one professional who built her career post-degree shared the nuanced challenges she faced. She reflected that although moving to a major metro offered higher nominal wages, the cost of living was daunting and uncertain.

Her breakthrough came when she embraced a hybrid position based in an affordable city, allowing her to maintain client relationships in person while capitalizing on remote work flexibility. This balance not only improved her quality of life but also provided financial stability, highlighting the importance of personalized decisions beyond salary figures alone.

How Do Professional Certifications and Licenses Boost Social Emotional Learning Salaries?

Certifications and licenses can enhance earning potential by validating specialized skills and professional competence. In many fields, holding recognized credentials is associated with higher salaries and improved career opportunities.

  • Certified Emotional Intelligence Practitioner (CEIP): This credential requires a bachelor's degree, completion of specialized training, and success on a rigorous exam focused on emotional intelligence concepts and their practical use. Accredited by ANSI, it mandates continuing education every three years with renewal costs typically between $300 and $500. Certified individuals often see about a 15% salary increase compared to non-credentialed counterparts.
  • Board-Certified Coach (BCC): Administered by the Center for Credentialing & Education, eligibility includes a relevant degree plus 60 coaching-specific training hours. Candidates must pass an exam covering coaching skills integrated with social-emotional learning principles. Recertification every three years involves further education and fees totaling approximately $400. BCCs report nearly a 20% wage premium in roles across the education and corporate sectors.
  • Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC): Widely respected beyond SEL alone, LPC status demands a master's degree, supervised clinical experience, and successful completion of a state licensure exam. Earning licensure frequently yields a 20-30% salary boost, reflecting the legal authority to provide clinical counseling services.

Candidates should verify that certifications are accredited by reputable agencies such as the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) to ensure credibility and market value. Investigating which credentials are preferred or mandatory within target industries can prevent unnecessary costs and optimize earnings potential.

What Is the Salary Trajectory for Social Emotional Learning Professionals Over a Full Career?

Social-emotional learning professionals typically experience a salary progression shaped by experience, credentials, and strategic career moves. Entry-level roles, such as program coordinators or support specialists, offer modest pay as foundational skills and client engagement develop. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) shows salaries generally remain steady during the first five years, with incremental raises based on performance rather than large jumps.

  • Career Inflection Points: Promotions to management or supervisory positions often trigger significant salary increases. Advanced degrees, master's or doctoral, substantially enhance earning potential. Additionally, securing professional certification or licensure in counseling or educational psychology opens pathways to specialized, higher-paying roles.
  • Specialization: Focusing on niche areas like trauma-informed care or school-based mental health services increases salary prospects by addressing complex social and emotional needs valued by employers.
  • Leadership and Business Development: Taking on leadership roles, such as directing SEL programs at school districts or consultancies, leads to compensation growth tied to increased responsibility and visibility. Building a professional reputation through research, presentations, and networking further correlates with higher earnings.
  • Benchmarks: Around five years, median salaries for SEL professionals typically range from $45,000 to $60,000. Mid-career earnings at ten years, often aligned with advanced credentials or leadership, generally fall between $65,000 to $85,000. Peak-career salaries, reached after 15+ years in senior or specialized roles, can surpass $100,000, especially in metropolitan areas with strong demand.

Strategic choices and credentialing profoundly influence total compensation. Data from the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce and various industry compensation surveys affirm these trends. Professionals who invest in graduate degrees, certification, or licensure tend to achieve higher lifetime earnings compared to peers without such credentials.

Embracing specialization or leadership roles separates high earners from others with equivalent academic backgrounds. Understanding these dynamics equips prospective students and career changers to make an evidence-based assessment of the financial value of a Social Emotional Learning degree aligned with their goals and risk tolerance.

Which Social Emotional Learning Specializations and Concentrations Lead to the Highest-Paying Roles?

Specializations within social emotional learning degree specializations with the highest salaries typically focus on leadership, clinical expertise, and data-driven intervention strategies. Concentrations in SEL leadership and administration often lead to roles such as district SEL coordinators or program directors, positions commanding higher wages due to their responsibility for large-scale implementation and regulatory compliance.

These roles require advanced education policy knowledge, organizational management skills, and frequently licensure or certification, driving premium compensation where qualified professionals are in short supply. Clinical mental health counseling with an SEL focus remains another top social emotional learning career concentration for income growth.

Graduates become licensed therapists specializing in emotional and social development, benefiting from technical licensure requirements and an increasing demand in schools and private practice. Graduate degrees emphasizing assessment, intervention science, or trauma-informed SEL enhance employability within high-paying niches such as educational psychology or nonprofit program evaluation.

Students early in their academic journey should analyze labor market demand, job growth rates, and salary variations by geography rather than choosing concentrations solely on personal interest. Concentrations addressing workforce shortages, like SEL curriculum development for at-risk populations, offer stronger financial returns. Those in general SEL programs can pivot toward better-paying roles through targeted internships, continuing education, and certification.

  • Return on Investment: Top online SEL programs with leadership tracks report employer salary raises averaging 20%-30% post-graduation.
  • Licensure Impact: Licensed clinical roles yield the highest wage premiums but require additional certification beyond degrees.
  • Market Trends: Increasing demand for SEL experts in urban and underserved districts drives compensation upward.
  • Certification Stacking: Combining SEL credentials with trauma-informed care, restorative justice, or special education certificates enhances pay and marketability.

Mid-career professionals and career changers should also explore related fields offering financial aid opportunities, such as medical assistant classes online, to diversify income potential while building on social emotional learning expertise.

How Does the Social Emotional Learning Job Market's Growth Outlook Affect Long-Term Earning Stability?

The job market for social-emotional learning (SEL) professionals is projected to grow steadily over the next decade, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasting employment increases between 8% and 12% for key occupations such as school counselors, educational psychologists, and mental health specialists through 2034.

These growth rates considerably outpace the 5% average for all occupations, driven by expanding recognition of emotional and social well-being across education and health sectors, alongside demographic trends increasing demand in schools and communities. Several labor market forces influence this outlook:

  • Automation Risk: SEL careers depend on nuanced interpersonal skills and empathy, placing them at low risk of automation compared to routine or technical jobs.
  • Demographic Demand: Rising youth populations and heightened awareness of mental health fuel the need for qualified SEL professionals, supporting long-term earning stability for social emotional learning professionals.
  • Legislative Changes: Mandates requiring social-emotional curricula and mental health resources in schools ensure ongoing funding and job security.
  • Technological Transformation: Remote counseling tools and data systems enhance SEL practice but cannot replace core human expertise.
  • High-Paying Growth Roles: Positions like school psychologists and licensed counselors benefit from strong demand, credential protections, and minimal outsourcing risk.
  • Structural Headwinds: Some roles in poorly funded districts or private settings face budget cuts and credential inflation, raising competition and emphasizing the need for continuous skill development.
  • Risk vs. Reward: Specialized or contract-based SEL jobs often yield higher wages but come with cyclical demand, underscoring the value of targeting stable employment sectors.
  • Skill Positioning: SEL professionals should combine advanced credentials with competencies in data analysis, cultural responsiveness, and digital counseling platforms to maintain a competitive edge.

Prospective SEL students aiming for financially sound careers should evaluate degree and certification options carefully, comparing returns on investment with alternative pathways. Exploring the fastest Psych NP program can offer insights into accelerated routes within related mental health fields.

What Leadership and Management Roles Are Available to High-Earning Social Emotional Learning Graduates?

Top-tier positions in social-emotional learning include titles such as Director of SEL Programs, SEL Coordinator, Chief Wellness Officer, and Executive Director of Educational Services. These roles span various organizational levels, from school districts and nonprofit agencies to major educational institutions and corporate wellness divisions. Professionals in these positions generally hold advanced degrees, most commonly a master's in education, psychology, or a related SEL field.

Executive and management roles yield significantly higher earnings compared to entry-level SEL positions. Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows education and training managers earn a median annual income of nearly $97,500, more than double the $48,000 median for frontline SEL practitioners. This pay gap reflects the expanded financial duties leaders manage, including budgeting, policy enforcement, and coordinating across departments.

Advancement typically occurs over 5 to 10 years, beginning with hands-on experience followed by credential enhancements such as professional administrator licenses or master's degrees. Additional certifications in leadership or counseling and ongoing professional development, like diversity and inclusion training, are instrumental in accelerating upward mobility.

To maximize chances for high-compensation leadership roles, aspirants should time graduate education strategically, often pursuing an MBA or a specialized master's in educational leadership after gaining field experience. Networking within professional organizations and developing financial management expertise enhance candidacy for executive positions. Continuous skill upgrading and targeted credentialing are essential for securing top-tier salaries and leadership status.

Which Emerging Social Emotional Learning Career Paths Are Positioned to Become Tomorrow's Highest-Paying Jobs?

Technological advances and shifting educational policies are reshaping career opportunities in social-emotional learning, creating roles expected to offer strong salaries within the next five to ten years. These emerging positions reflect growing demand for SEL expertise across various industries and emphasize the intersection of emotional intelligence with digital innovation and organizational strategy.

  • Technology Integration Specialists: These professionals merge SEL concepts with advanced digital tools, like AI-driven platforms, to personalize and improve emotional skills development. SEL degree programs increasingly include coursework in educational technology and data analysis to prepare graduates for these tech-centric roles.
  • Corporate Program Strategists: As companies prioritize mental health and leadership development, strategists design SEL initiatives to enhance workforce resilience. Supplementary education in organizational psychology and human resources adds valuable expertise in this area.
  • Community-Based Coordinators: Tailoring SEL efforts to diverse local populations, these coordinators work with nonprofits and community organizations. Pursuing micro-credentials related to cultural competence and trauma-informed care can strengthen candidates' qualifications.
  • Policy and Compliance Analysts: Navigating evolving regulations, these specialists interpret and advocate for SEL policies at multiple governance levels. SEL curricula are adapting to include instruction in education law and policy evaluation.
  • Risk and Reward: Entering emerging SEL roles demands thoughtful consideration, although not all predicted occupations will grow as rapidly as anticipated, early entrants can gain premium salaries and leadership chances. Balancing hybrid skill sets may reduce career risks.

Tracking professional associations focused on social and emotional education alongside workforce data tools, such as Lightcast and Burning Glass, helps professionals remain updated on the sector's evolving landscape.

What Graduates Say About the Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get With a Social Emotional Learning Degree

  • Reign: "Graduating with a social-emotional learning degree truly paid off for me. There's a significant wage premium tied to holding this credential compared to just having a generic education degree. What really stood out was how professional licensure and certification in this field can boost your salary even further, opening doors to leadership roles. It's energizing to know that investing in this degree offers far better returns than alternative pathways I considered, making it a smart career move overall."
  • Yousef: "Reflecting on my journey, one insight I gained is how industry type and geographic location play crucial roles in salary outcomes for social-emotional learning graduates. Working in urban districts within healthcare-oriented organizations dramatically increased my earning potential compared to other sectors. Although the initial investment was modest, the return on investment was higher compared to a certificate. Only programs confirmed that the full degree was the best financial decision for me."
  • Logan: "From a professional standpoint, the salary impact of obtaining specialized licensure after completing my social-emotional learning degree was eye-opening. It's a game-changer for career advancement. I also noticed that the wage premium strongly favors those with graduate-level credentials, especially in mental health and counseling roles. Comparing this with other educational paths, the degree offers an impressive return-on-investment when factoring in long-term earning potential and job stability."

Other Things You Should Know About Social Emotional Learning Degrees

What is the return on investment of a social emotional learning degree compared to alternative credentials?

The return on investment (ROI) for a social-emotional learning degree is generally favorable when compared to alternative credentials such as certificates or associate degrees. Graduates with bachelor's or master's degrees in social-emotional learning typically experience higher starting salaries and better long-term earning potential. This is particularly true for those who obtain professional licensure or advanced certifications that increase their employability in high-paying roles.

How do internships, practicums, and early work experience affect starting salaries for social emotional learning graduates?

Internships and practicums provide vital hands-on experience that significantly enhances a graduate's marketability to employers. Those who complete supervised clinical placements or practicum hours in reputable organizations are often offered higher starting salaries than peers without such experience. This early exposure builds practical skills and professional networks that frequently lead to better job offers and faster career advancement.

What role does employer type-private, public, or nonprofit-play in social emotional learning compensation?

Employer type strongly influences compensation among social-emotional learning professionals. Private sector employers typically offer the highest salaries, reflecting greater budgets and competitive hiring practices. Public institutions, such as school districts or government agencies, often provide stable benefits but may pay less. Nonprofit organizations usually offer lower wages but can provide meaningful work and additional non-monetary benefits.

What negotiation strategies help social emotional learning graduates maximize their starting salary?

Effective negotiation begins with thorough research on typical salaries for social-emotional learning roles in the regional job market. Graduates should highlight their practicum experience, licenses, and any specialized skills during salary discussions. Asking for performance-based reviews within the first six months can create opportunities for early raises. Being prepared to discuss comparable offers or certifications also strengthens a candidate's negotiating position.

References

Related Articles

2026 Social Emotional Learning Degree Careers Ranked by Stress Level, Salary, and Job Stability thumbnail
2026 Licensing Exams Required After Completing a Social Emotional Learning Degree Program thumbnail
2026 What Careers Can You Pursue With a Social Emotional Learning Degree? Salary Potential, Job Outlook, and Next Steps thumbnail
2026 Worst States for Social Emotional Learning Degree Graduates: Lower Pay, Weaker Demand, and Career Barriers thumbnail
2026 AI, Automation, and the Future of Social Emotional Learning Degree Careers thumbnail
2026 Part-Time vs. Full-Time Social Emotional Learning Degree Programs thumbnail