Interview with Cybersecurity Experts: Answering Students’ Questions About Cybersecurity Trend

by Imed Bouchrika, PhD

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Technology is undoubtedly intertwined with nearly every aspect of our lives. As it evolves, cyber incidents have also grown into one of the most formidable challenges of our lifetime. In a recent World Economic Forum (WEF) survey, 39% of global experts cite cyberattacks as the fifth most pressing crisis in 2024. This will move up one spot by 2026. 

To eliminate this threat, the world needs cyber professionals who can address not only the current issues but also defend against future dangers. Aspiring cybersecurity students must, therefore, brace themselves for a career that requires adaptability to stay ahead in the race against emerging risks.

In this guide, we’ve spoken with four experts to shed some light on how to become a cybersecurity professional. We will cover key aspects of studying and working in cybersecurity, including essential skills, common misconceptions, and current trends. We also offer advice and insights into the job market to help you pursue a cybersecurity degree successfully.

Experts We Interviewed

• Joshua Copeland, M.S. - Adjunct Professor of Information Technology, Tulane University
• James Curtis, Ph.D. - Associate Professor, and Chair of the Computer and Information Sciences department, at Webster University
• Muath Obaidat, Ph.D. - Associate Professor of Computer Science, John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York (CUNY)
• Shambhu Upadhyaya, Ph.D. - Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and MS Cybersecurity Program Director, University at Buffalo

1. What key skills and knowledge areas should students focus on to succeed in a cybersecurity program?
2. How has the cybersecurity landscape changed in recent years, and how can students adapt their learning to stay current? 
3. What are some common misconceptions about studying and working in cybersecurity, and how can students overcome them?
4. What advice do you have for students to balance theoretical learning with hands-on practice in their cybersecurity education?
5. What are some of the most valuable resources (books, websites, journals, etc.) that you recommend to cybersecurity students to supplement their classroom learning?
6. How can I secure an affordable cybersecurity degree without compromising quality?
7. What should I look for in a good cybersecurity degree program?
8. How do I choose the right career path in cybersecurity?
9. How can industry certifications enhance my cybersecurity career?
10. How can internships and mentorships empower cybersecurity career growth?
11. Is Interdisciplinary Study the Key to Cybersecurity Success?
12. Can accelerated online bachelor's programs fast-track my cybersecurity career?
13. What are the top entry-level jobs in cybersecurity?
14. Are Accredited Online Bachelor Degree Programs Worth Considering for Cybersecurity Careers?
15. Can graduate certificate programs boost cybersecurity career growth?

What key skills and knowledge areas should students focus on to succeed in a cybersecurity program?

To excel in a cybersecurity program, students must develop a range of essential skills and knowledge areas. Understanding these key competencies is crucial for success as they complete their studies and prepare for the workforce. Here’s what the experts we interviewed have to say: 

• Prof. Copeland: “When thinking about skills and knowledge as it applies to cybersecurity, the key element is the ability to think critically. This is the universal skill that, regardless of technology changes, is persistent and the building block of cybersecurity. After all, cybersecurity is really about risk management. All risks cannot be eliminated. The ability to analyze risks, contextualize them, and make the case on which risks need to be addressed and which risks can be accepted is the real root skill of a cybersecurity professional.”
• Dr. Curtis: “The first and most important skill is the ability to logically assess an issue, develop reasonable solutions, and implement them. Cybersecurity is, at its core, about identifying threats, developing defenses (solutions), and then diligently implementing those defenses. You do not have to be a software engineer or coding genius to be a highly effective cyber professional. We find [that individuals in] business, math, and gamers who have minimum software backgrounds often make some of the best cyber professionals because they bring a logical, problem-solving ability to leverage against the threat.”
• Dr. Obaidat: “Students who want to succeed in a cybersecurity program should concentrate on soft skills, like problem-solving and communication, and [they must] be able to identify and resolve security flaws. In addition to technical skills, line networking, programming languages (like Python, C, and Java), operating systems (Windows, Linux, and Unix), and cybersecurity fundamentals (encryption, firewalls, intrusion detection, ethical hacking).”
• Dr. Upadhyaya: “Students should have basic skills in programming (Python, Java), probability and statistics, number theory, and computer networks. Basic cryptography and other core courses are built on this basic knowledge. Once the students are in the program, they should focus on both theoretical concepts of computer security and applied areas with opportunity for hands-on learning.”

According to a Fortinet report, the most sought-after skills for cybersecurity professionals from 2022 to 2023 include cloud security, cyber threat intelligence, and malware analysis (2024). However, before acquiring these advanced skills, a solid foundation in critical thinking and problem-solving is essential for effectively addressing these challenges.

The experts emphasize that these two skills are crucial for a career in cybersecurity. Both traditional and online cybersecurity degrees focus on building these skills through theoretical study, case analyses, and hands-on projects. This enables students to analyze issues, diagnose root causes, and devise effective solutions. Later on, cybersecurity professionals will be better equipped to manage risks and contribute to the development of improved defenses.

Similarly, students must develop good communication and interpersonal skills. Cybersecurity experts often collaborate with colleagues and executives. Therefore, they must be able to convey technical information easily and effectively to ensure that organizations are well-protected and informed about potential risks.

The chart below dives into the most needed skills among cybersecurity professionals based on Fortinet’s report.

How has the cybersecurity landscape changed in recent years, and how can students adapt their learning to stay current? 

Driven by technological advancements and the intricacy of digital threats, the cybersecurity landscape continues to become more complex. This is why students must also change their learning strategies to stay on top of these developments. Here’s what the experts suggest:

• Prof. Copeland: “In the last quarter century, cybersecurity has evolved from being something an organization might do to something that many organizations must do based on a regulatory requirement. As cyber professionals are finally getting a ‘seat at the C-suite table,’ that comes with a lot of responsibility and personal obligation. The cybersecurity space is changing at an almost daily pace with new threats and vulnerabilities being discovered and new technologies introduced. For the vast majority of practitioners, we will not be on the bleeding edge, but we should keep a close eye on that horizon. Professional organizations, continuing education, cybersecurity-focused social media, and even vendors are critical to keeping abreast. Any practitioner who works for me is required to spend 30 minutes a day on current threats and technology because you have to be dedicated to it.”
• Dr. Curtis: “The landscape has accelerated in complexity and in the levels of the threat. Primarily, because of Generative AI. The ‘bad guys’ are now able to use Generative AI to develop faster, more comprehensive, and misleading social engineering techniques and attacks. As an example, one of the core elements of phishing attacks has been to look at the grammar, spelling, syntax, etc., of the email. Oftentimes, that alone identified a phishing attack. Today, with Generative AI, it is virtually eliminated as a defensive indicator. This is just one small example of what is happening with AI as it infiltrates cybersecurity. Students can adapt by first attending a university, community college, or professional training organization that teaches the most current technologies, threats, and defenses. If the program does not have AI integrated into it, then it is not current. Additionally, look for universities that embrace professional partnerships and, as we do at Webster University, have academic partnerships with organizations such as the EC-Council. In our case, we actually teach the EC-Council certificate programs using their labs, and then as a certified test center, administer the appropriate certification test to our students.”
• Dr. Obaidat: “The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, the growing significance of cloud security, increasingly complex assaults, and new legislative mandates have all changed the cybersecurity landscape. Moreover, for students to stay up to date, they must keep up with industry news, so they can be informed about the most recent developments and dangers, pursue ongoing education via courses and certificates, and obtain practical experience through engaging in cybersecurity contests and hands-on laboratories.”
• Dr. Upadhyaya: “We are seeing cyberattacks on massive scales, lately. Some of these may not be intentional but due to human errors or lack of diligence by developers. The impacted areas are not necessarily in the IT domains but other sectors such as healthcare and transportation. Artificial intelligence and machine learning tools are being used by both defenders and attackers. Students should choose some courses in AI and machine learning and trustworthy cyberspace, such as Trustworthy AI, which talks about threat modeling, deep learning, explainable AI, bias, human-computer interactions, and the human factor.”

All four experts agree that the rapid evolution of technology and the impact of AI make organizations visibly vulnerable without robust defenses. Prof. Copeland emphasizes that staying informed by reading industry news from reputable cybersecurity and technology sources can help you learn about emerging threats and the measures experts are taking to address them.

Meanwhile, Dr. Curtis and Dr. Upadhyaya point out that formal education and training are crucial for grasping cybersecurity policies, computer networks, operating systems, and other policies. Besides your core studies, taking additional courses from an affordable online software engineering degree or electives in computer science, math, data science, or engineering can expand your knowledge. 

Selecting institutions that incorporate AI into their curricula is crucial, as it ensures students are ready to meet industry standards. As Dr. Curtis and Dr. Upadhyaya note, while bad hackers use AI for cyberattacks, like phishing and social engineering, ethical hackers can also leverage AI to defend against such threats. 

According to a CompTIA report (2023), AI can enhance cybersecurity by monitoring network traffic, detecting malware, analyzing user behavior, automating incident responses, and predicting potential breaches. Therefore, look for cybersecurity programs that cover these concepts or provide labs and tools for experimenting with similar solutions.

Without specific industry licensure requirements, cybersecurity professionals should focus on acquiring various certifications and skills. Alternatively, pursuing an advanced degree can introduce you to new perspectives in the field. Lastly, Dr. Obaidat stresses the value of hands-on experience. Engaging in practical activities allows you to apply your knowledge, test your skills, and learn from peers and professionals in the field.

The chart below illustrates how U.S. technical and business professionals perceive AI's use in cybersecurity in the coming years.

What are some common misconceptions about studying and working in cybersecurity, and how can students overcome them?

Misconceptions about studying and working in cybersecurity can mislead prospective students, and understanding some of these myths can break down barriers to pursuing this career. In this section, the experts identify some of these misconceptions and offer guidance on how students can better face them.

• Prof. Copeland: “One of the biggest misconceptions in cybersecurity is that you have to know how to code or be good at math to be successful. While code is a skill that is absolutely useful to a practitioner, it is by no means required. This is especially true if you are doing work in the Governance, Risk, and Compliance space or as someone building and maintaining applications stacks [to] support the cybersecurity program. If coding or math is not your strong suit, that is not a disqualifier from working in cybersecurity.”
• Dr. Curtis: “The very first misconception is that students think you must be some type of software ‘guru’ to be a successful cyber professional. That is not correct. I have had a successful career in this field since the days of ‘electronic security and TEMPEST’ in the military. My educational background was in communications technology systems and networks. But, if you have the right mindset to be able to manage complex issues, solve challenging problems in a timely manner, and have a stick-to-itiveness personality, you can be very successful in cybersecurity. Another misconception is that a cyber professional sits and looks at computer screens all day and tries to find anomalies in code. Most cyber professionals do not do this. There are many various roles that include policy, threat detection, online monitoring, after-the-fact forensic investigations, ethical hacking, social engineering, and teaching. I would tell potential students that if writing software is not your interest, you can still have a successful and enjoyable career in cybersecurity. Finally, one other attribute that many of our students have is to be able to work independently on issues. We find this can be a strength for the investigative forensic side of the discipline. Self-starters who are confident in their own abilities are quite valuable.”
• Dr. Obaidat: “Some common misconceptions regarding cybersecurity include the idea that it’s all about hacking [and that it] requires a degree in computer science. Moreover, to overcome this, students must increase their comprehension, gain a realistic understanding of the sector, and connect with industry experts. Furthermore, students can investigate various cybersecurity domains through project work and internships, and keep in mind that although technical experience is beneficial, many skills can be learned on your own or through certifications.”
• Dr. Upadhyaya: “A common misconception is [to] take a few cybersecurity courses and think that you become an expert in the field. Cybersecurity is much more than that. One should take some broad-based courses such as algorithms, distributed systems, ethics, and social aspects of machine learning and cybersecurity. Hands-on experience through cyber competitions is also a necessary requirement to learn cybersecurity. There are jobs in cybersecurity but one has to broaden the target companies. Look at jobs at small and medium scale enterprises, governments (if eligible), government research labs (if eligible), in addition to looking at Fortune 500 companies.”

The four experts highlight a significant misconception about studying and working in cybersecurity: that being good in math, coding, or hacking and that those are enough to be a professional. Being an expert in cybersecurity does not happen overnight. While these skills can be useful, they are not mandatory, nor are they the only aspects of the job. 

Cybersecurity positions are multifaceted, encompassing roles in policy development, strategy formulation, teaching, and research. Dr. Curtis and Prof. Copeland encourage aspiring students to move beyond this limited perspective and explore various responsibilities within the field that do not require traditional technical skills. Dr. Upadhyaya also suggests looking into job postings from various industries and sectors to gain insights into the specific roles in demand. 

Moreover, they underscore the importance of strengthening critical thinking and risk management analysis abilities, which are both crucial for success. Dr. Curtis also emphasizes that possessing certain traits, like confidence, independence, and stick-to-itiveness—or tenacity—is valuable for overcoming challenges and building skill sets.

Lastly, Dr. Obaidat reiterates the importance of gaining practical experience through internships and projects. He also suggests that acquiring certifications can help students become familiar with other specialties within cybersecurity. This is particularly relevant given that 91% of IT leaders prefer hiring candidates with certifications, and 61% believe that being certified enhances one’s ability to stay current with the evolving security landscape (Fortinet, 2024).

For those looking to further their education affordably, considering programs like the cheapest masters in computer science in USA can also provide a solid foundation and complement their cybersecurity training.

What advice do you have for students to balance theoretical learning with hands-on practice in their cybersecurity education?

Balancing theoretical knowledge with practical experience is crucial for a comprehensive cybersecurity education. While academic learning provides foundational principles, hands-on practice is vital for developing real-world skills. Here are the experts’ words of wisdom regarding this topic.

• Prof. Copeland: “When trying to balance theory and practical application, it is best to find a way that when theory is learned, you are able to find a practical way to apply that theory. All practical experience is no better than all theory because practical is the ‘how’ while theory is the ‘why.’ Using a cryptographic module when you are building an application is great, but understanding why the cryptography works, and which cryptography is best for this use case comes from understanding the theory. Use both practical and theory to reinforce each other.”
• Dr. Curtis: “Yes, it is a balance between theoretical and hands-on practice. As an example, in our social engineering courses, we spend a significant amount of time learning about how social engineers attack victims. We use Hadnagy’s social engineering triangle to teach about open-source intelligence, developing a pretext, planning, executing the plan, and then reporting on the results (for ethical social engineers). A major part of the course is devoted to understanding each of these areas, how they are used, and then integrated into the overall targeting. After many hours of learning about these, as well as the dozens of major social engineering techniques, we then move to the practicum part of the course with projects. In this phase, the students conduct real-world social engineering attacks using all of what they have learned, up to the point of executing the attack. So, the combination of the theoretical and practical hands-on become integrated for full effectiveness.”
• Dr. Obaidat: “To create a balance between theory and practice, students have to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations by making use of virtual labs and cybersecurity simulation tools. Furthermore, students can join cybersecurity clubs that conduct hands-on cybersecurity exercises and take part in internships to gain practical experience.”
• Dr. Upadhyaya: “If one chooses a curriculum that focuses on simply hands-on type courses, one may find a job that will only help manage cybersecurity but not address the problem or solve a problem. To become a developer or contribute to cybersecurity solutions, one should take a curriculum that focuses on theoretical aspects of cybersecurity. Courses on cryptography, program security, data structures and algorithms, and software development and testing are as important as software security, network security, and system security.”

A well-rounded cybersecurity professional needs both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. In the classroom, actively participate, take notes, and ask questions to broaden your understanding. During internships, exercises, or projects, reflect on your actions and strategies and consider the consequences of your approach. Seek feedback from mentors and peers and think creatively to explore alternative solutions. Doing so can help you grasp the full scope of cybersecurity roles and tasks. 

In experiments and case studies, making mistakes is part of the learning process as it teaches you how to address errors effectively. These experiences are crucial for applying your comprehensive knowledge and skills to real-world security challenges.

While earning a university degree is a popular route for gaining knowledge and experience, it is not the only option. A survey shows that only 49% of cybersecurity roles in North America require a higher education degree, down from 54% in 2021 (Statista, 2022). In Europe, 45% of cybersecurity jobs demand a university degree (from 51%). In the Middle East, 59% must have a degree (from 78%), and in Oceania, only 27% are required to possess a degree (from 41%).

Additionally, an ISC2 study (2023) shows that over half of cybersecurity professionals first worked in non-cybersecurity IT roles (52%) or obtained initial certifications (51%) before landing their first cybersecurity position. Furthermore, only 31% had a bachelor’s degree in cybersecurity before getting a position in the field. As long as you acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge, you can pursue various routes into this dynamic field.

What are some of the most valuable resources (books, websites, journals, etc.) that you recommend to cybersecurity students to supplement their classroom learning?

Students often seek additional resources beyond the classroom to enhance their education. These sources of information typically complement formal instruction and expand students’ knowledge in cybersecurity and related disciplines. The experts recommend the following:

• Prof. Copeland: “If I had to pick just one book and just one website to recommend—because I could easily list dozens in each category—, they would be as follows: Cybersecurity Blue Team Toolkit by Nadean Tanner. This is, by far, the best introduction to basic genres of tools that most cybersecurity professionals use on a daily basis. It is written in a clear and easy to understand manner and really builds a strong foundation. For a website, it would be LinkedIn. There is a thriving community of professionals there sharing information on every cybersecurity topic imaginable with hooks into hundreds of additional spaces to grow. I would also add that active membership in local chapters of ISSA, ISC2, AFCEA, ASIS, ISACA, etc. is a critical way to not only learn but [also] network and grow. This also leads to attending regional conferences like BSides where you can learn and interact with the larger cybersecurity community.”
• Dr. Curtis: “Books are various, including my own co-authored books, and they rapidly become technically obsolete; however, I am quite fond of Hadnagy’s Social Engineering: The Science of Human Hacking. It is an easy-to-understand overview of social engineering and the threats to the average individual. There are so many tangents in our discipline that students can focus on one area and dedicate themselves to it. As an example, I was a cryptologist for much of my career, and then moved into threats in transportation and critical infrastructure, and have spent the past 10 years dedicated to social engineering. I think the Association for Computer Machinery (ACM) has some great journals, as does Cybersecurity Magazine, and several others. I would also recommend students scour the government’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA.org) for information. It is a superb site for any and all cyber-related issues.”
• Dr. Obaidat: “For students to improve their learning they can participate in forums and groups, like Stack Exchange, which is a Q&A website for security experts, and Reddit, which is a forum for questions about cybersecurity in general. Furthermore, there are other recommendations for the best sources for students to integrate with traditional classrooms. Books: @War: The Rise of the Military-Internet Complex by Shane Harris, Computer & Internet Security: A Hands-on Approach by Wenliang Du, Cybercon: Protecting Ourselves from Big Tech & Bigger Lies by Dr. James Norrie, and The Cyber Risk Handbook by Domenic Antonucci. Papers/Articles: Cyber campaigns and strategic outcomes by Richard Harknett & Max Smeets in the Journal of Strategic Studies, How to Compete in Cyberspace by Paul M. Nakasone and Michael Sulmeyer on Foreign Affairs, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Framework, and The Real Story of Stuxnet by David Kushner on the IEEE. Game: OverTheWire’s Wargames. Blogs: Cyber Defense Magazine, The Cyberwire, and Krebs on Security. TED Talks: Everyday cybercrime -- and what you can do about it by James Lyne and Fighting Viruses, Defending the Net by Mikko Hypponen. Podcasts: This Week in Tech’s Security Now with Steve Gibson and Leo Laporte, The International Spy Museum’s SpyCast with Dr. Andrew Hammond, and The Cyberwire’s podcasts.”
• Dr. Upadhyaya: “Basic books on computer networks security and principles of security (William Stallings, Matthew Bishop, Pfleeger & Pfleeger, etc.) and not just the security handbooks or guidebooks. NIST publications, lessons on SANS Institute, etc., will be useful. Wikipedia is a good resource, although the material there may not be thoroughly peer-reviewed.”

How can I secure an affordable cybersecurity degree without compromising quality?

Evaluating the financial viability of your cybersecurity education is crucial. Prospective students must assess program value not only in terms of instructional quality and hands-on training but also regarding cost efficiency and long-term career benefits. Compare institutional accreditations, available scholarships, and potential return on investment. Additionally, explore online alternatives that offer rigorous curricula paired with lower tuition fees, such as the cheapest online cyber security degree, to ensure that financial constraints do not limit your professional growth.

What should I look for in a good cybersecurity degree program?

Choosing a cybersecurity degree program means looking into what each institution has to offer and matching it with your needs and goals. In a nutshell, a strong program should have a combination of several theoretical and practical courses, similar to what you might find in undergraduate computer science programs or the cheapest online data science master's programs. In addition, here’s a short list of other things you must consider.

• Accreditation and Recognition: Ensure the program is accredited by a recognized agency, such as the Computing Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Programs may also be designated as centers of academic excellence by the National Security Agency (NSA) or the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
• Curriculum: Look for a curriculum that covers essential and updated topics in the field or offers areas of concentration.
• Program Delivery: Consider the flexibility of program delivery, including online, in-person, or hybrid options, to fit your lifestyle and learning preferences. Moreover, look into part-time schedules, evening classes, or weekend sessions.
• Hands-on Experience: Seek programs that provide practical experiences through labs, internships, and real-world projects. Similarly, select programs that encourage student participation through cyber defense competitions or hackathons.
• Faculty Expertise: Choose a program with well-respected faculty members in the cybersecurity field. Browse through their profiles to ensure they have experience in various sectors, contributed to research, or provided their expertise throughout their careers.
• Certifications: Opt for programs that prepare you for industry-recognized certifications, such as CISSP, CEH, and CompTIA Security+. 
• Student and Career Services: Check if the program offers strong career support services, including academic clubs, extracurricular organizations, job placement assistance, and networking opportunities.

How do I choose the right career path in cybersecurity?

One of the first things you can do to determine if a career in cybersecurity is right for you is to assess your interests, strengths, and long-term goals. This field requires constant and lifelong learning due to its fast pace. If this is something that hooks you in, then consider the specializations in this field. These include the following: 

• Digital Forensics: Specializing in digital forensics involves investigating and analyzing digital evidence to uncover the details of cybercrimes. This field covers techniques for recovering data from compromised systems, analyzing logs, and understanding attack vectors. 
• Ethical Hacking: Also known as penetration testing, this specialization involves simulating cyberattacks to identify and fix vulnerabilities in systems before malicious hackers can exploit them. Ethical hackers use various tools and techniques to test the security of applications, networks, and systems. 
• Cybersecurity Policy and Management: This specialization prepares students to manage and oversee cybersecurity strategies and policies within organizations. It includes developing security policies, managing risk, ensuring compliance with regulations, and leading security teams. 
• Cloud Security: This specialization involves securing cloud environments and services, including data protection, access control, and vulnerability management within cloud platforms. Cloud security experts ensure that cloud-based resources are protected from breaches and other security threats.
• Incident Response and Management: This prepares students to handle and manage security incidents effectively. It covers topics such as detecting security breaches, coordinating responses, mitigating damage, and recovering from attacks. 
• Enterprise Cybersecurity Management: This involves the comprehensive process of protecting an organization’s information systems, networks, and data from cyber threats and attacks on an organizational level. It encompasses a range of activities, strategies, and technologies designed to safeguard an enterprise’s digital assets and ensure the security of its IT infrastructure. Students can also pursue affordable online master's degree in project management programs if they are interested in combining their cybersecurity expertise with advanced project management skills.

In addition, consider which cybersecurity umbrella you wish to work in. Dr. Obaidat earlier mentioned exploring the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Framework developed by the NIST, which serves as a general guide in categorizing cyber professionals’ jobs and roles. Following this framework, Cyberseek (2024) reports 322,043 job openings under the Oversight and Governance category. This is followed by 297,706 opportunities in Implementation and Operation and 243,777 job openings under Design and Development. 

Despite looming shortages that will last until 2025 (Morgan, 2023), overall, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024a) forecasts a 32% growth in job opportunities for information security analysts from 2022 to 2032, which is equivalent to approximately 16,800 job openings each year throughout the decade. 

How can industry certifications enhance my cybersecurity career?

Industry certifications offer a distinct advantage by validating specialized skills and broadening professional opportunities. They not only supplement academic achievements but also provide practical, up-to-date expertise that employers value. Short-term training programs can bridge critical skill gaps, ensuring candidates are well-prepared to handle evolving cybersecurity threats. For those seeking accelerated pathways into advanced roles, exploring 12 month certificate programs that pay well can serve as an effective strategy to gain industry-recognized credentials promptly.

How can internships and mentorships empower cybersecurity career growth?

Internships and mentorships significantly bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and professional practice. They offer focused real-world exposure, enabling students to navigate complex cyber environments under the guidance of seasoned professionals. Engaging in these opportunities not only enhances technical acuity but also accelerates the development of soft skills—such as effective communication and strategic problem-solving—vital in dynamic cybersecurity roles. Furthermore, sustained mentorship helps refine career trajectories and fosters invaluable networking connections. For those seeking to bolster foundational expertise alongside practical experience, exploring the best online associate degree programs can serve as a complementary strategy.

Is Interdisciplinary Study the Key to Cybersecurity Success?

Integrating insights from business, law, data science, and digital forensics with core cybersecurity studies can equip professionals with a broader perspective to counter multifaceted cyber threats. An interdisciplinary approach cultivates strategic thinking and the ability to align technical defenses with organizational objectives, fostering innovative problem-solving and leadership in diverse environments. Evaluating programs that combine these varied disciplines—including those offered among the most lucrative online degrees—can enhance career prospects and drive impactful cybersecurity solutions in a dynamic digital ecosystem.

Can accelerated online bachelor's programs fast-track my cybersecurity career?

Accelerated online bachelor's programs compress traditional academic timelines while maintaining rigorous curricula designed to meet evolving cybersecurity demands. These programs feature condensed course structures and flexible schedules that enable students to quickly acquire essential technical and analytical competencies and transition into industry roles. By integrating industry-aligned projects and hands-on training, accelerated programs help learners gain critical experience in a shorter period. Prospective students looking for efficient pathways to a cybersecurity career should explore the fastest bachelor's programs online to identify options that align with their professional objectives.

What are the top entry-level jobs in cybersecurity?

Entering the cybersecurity field offers a range of entry-level positions that serve as stepping stones to more advanced roles. These roles provide foundational experience and skills that are crucial for career growth in any sector. Additionally, pursuing further education, such as a masters degree under 10k, can enhance your qualifications and accelerate your progress into higher-level positions. 

• Information Security Analyst: Protects an organization’s computer systems and networks from cyber threats; monitors network traffic, analyzes vulnerabilities, and implements security measures to safeguard sensitive data.
• IT Support Specialist: Provides technical assistance to users experiencing hardware, software, or network issues; troubleshoots problems and offers solutions to maintain smooth IT systems operations.
• Network Security Administrator: Manages and maintains an organization’s network infrastructure to ensure its security and efficiency; configures firewalls and responds to potential threats to protect against unauthorized access.
• Incident Responder: Manages and mitigates cybersecurity incidents and breaches; analyzes the nature of threats, coordinates response efforts, and implements measures to prevent future occurrences.
• Junior Penetration Tester: Identifies vulnerabilities in systems to assess their security; performs controlled attacks and reports findings to help organizations strengthen their defenses.
• Risk Analyst: Evaluates and manages potential risks that could impact an organization’s operations; develops strategies to minimize risk exposure.
• IT Auditor: Reviews and assesses an organization’s information systems and processes to ensure compliance with security policies and regulations; identifies weaknesses and recommends improvements.
• Cybersecurity Technician: Monitors and supports the implementation of security measures within an organization; maintains security tools and performs routine checks.

Meanwhile, the top-paying industries for information security analysts are Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing, Web Search Portals, Libraries, Archives, and Other Information Services, Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers, Software Publishers, and Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (BLS, 2024b). 

The chart below provides insights into the average annual wages of the jobs listed above.

Are Accredited Online Bachelor Degree Programs Worth Considering for Cybersecurity Careers?

Many industry professionals increasingly recognize that a carefully chosen online degree can provide the flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and specialized curriculum needed to excel in cybersecurity. Prospective students should assess how these programs integrate emerging technologies, hands-on lab experiences, and contemporary cyber threat landscapes into their courses. In evaluating these options, it is critical to verify that the program adheres to rigorous academic standards and aligns with current industry certifications and internship opportunities. For detailed evaluations and rankings, consider reviewing the accredited online bachelor degree programs to help you make an informed decision.

Safeguard Data and Lives with a Cybersecurity Career

As businesses and organizations enhance their digital processes through technological advancements, the cybersecurity landscape is confronted with increasingly sophisticated threats. With every new threat, cybersecurity becomes more than just protecting data—it safeguards the very fabric of our digital lives.

Aspiring cybersecurity students must prepare for these complex challenges, and they must do so by acquiring practical skills and deepening their knowledge. Moreover, cultivating strong critical thinking and problem-solving abilities will distinguish you in a competitive job market. 

Lastly, armed with the insights and advice from the four cybersecurity experts we interviewed, you now have a wealth of strategies and defenses to enhance your capabilities and meet the demands of this fast-paced and constantly evolving field.

Can graduate certificate programs boost cybersecurity career growth?

Graduate certificate programs offer a focused pathway to gain niche skills in emerging areas such as cloud security, threat intelligence, and incident response. These programs are designed to bridge the gap between broad academic studies and the specialized expertise required in today’s evolving digital threat landscape. They provide a flexible, cost-effective way for professionals to update their knowledge and stay competitive, often complementing existing degrees and certifications. For professionals looking to gain these targeted competencies, reviewing the best graduate certificate programs online can be an effective step toward accelerating career advancement.

More Information About the Experts We Interviewed

Joshua Copeland, M.S. 

Professor Copeland is the Director of Managed Security Services at Quadrant Information Security and an Advisor and Field CISO at Senteon. His career of 20+ years spans various sectors, including the Department of Defense, the federal government, AT&T, and other commercial industries, with a notable focus on cloud platform security and compliance. Renowned for his engaging presentations, Joshua is a regular speaker at elite conferences. He also contributes to the industry through technical editing and published articles in respected cybersecurity journals. Prof. Copeland holds an M.S. in Cybersecurity Management from Tulane University and over 80 certifications.

James Curtis, Ph.D. 

Dr. Curtis is an Associate Professor, and Chair of the Computer and Information Sciences department, at Webster University. Before joining Webster University, he was an Adjunct Professor of Public Policy at Maryville University. A former Air Force Communications/Cyber Officer, he has experience as a Presidential Communicator for Presidents Bush and Clinton and as the Vice President and Regional Director at SRA International. Dr. Curtis held prominent positions in the field and co-authored a book called Cyber Forensics: Examining Emerging and Hybrid Technologies. He is the originator of the Triad of Disruption social engineering framework and travels the nation speaking to government and cyber professionals on social media threats to democratic nation-states. He earned a doctorate in Public Policy from Saint Louis University.  

Muath Obaidat, Ph.D. 

In addition to his role at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Dr. Obaidat is a member of the Center for Cybercrime Studies in the same institution. He also serves as an educator for the Ph.D., Computer Science program at the Graduate School and University Center of CUNY. Dr. Obaidat has published numerous scientific articles in prestigious journals and conference proceedings. His research focuses on cybersecurity and networking in particular; digital forensics, Internet of Things security, and privacy, and Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) with recent work on employing AI/ML and blockchain technology to secure communications. In addition, is currently serving/served as an editor, and guest editor for several prestigious Journals. He also served as session chair and on the technical program committee of several leading conferences as well as an organization committee. He is recognized for his significant contributions to advancing knowledge in these critical areas of cybersecurity. He is a SMIEEE.

Shambhu Upadhyaya, Ph.D.

In addition to his teaching positions at the University at Buffalo, Dr. Upadhyaya is the Director of the School of Engineering and Applied Science's Center of Excellence in Information Systems Assurance Research and Education (CEISARE). His research focuses on information assurance, computer security, behavioral biometrics, and fault-tolerant computing. He has published around 300 articles in top-tier journals and served as a keynote speaker and panelist at national conferences. Dr. Upadhyaya's work has also received substantial support from major organizations such as the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Security Agency, and IBM. He has a Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Newcastle, Australia. 

References:

1. CompTIA. (2023, September). State of cybersecurity 2024. https://www.comptia.org/content/research/cybersecurity-trends-research
2. Cyberseek. (2024). Cybersecurity Supply/Demand Heat Map. Retrieved July 30, 2024, from https://www.cyberseek.org/heatmap.html
3. Fortinet. (2024). 2024 cybersecurity skills gap: Global research report. https://www.fortinet.com/resources/reports/cybersecurity-skills-gap
4. Statista. (2022, March). Requirement of university degree for cyber security jobs worldwide from 2021 to 2022, by region. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1322395/cybersecurity-university-requirement-worldwide
5. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024a, April 17). Information security analysts. Occupational Outlook Handbook. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/information-security-analysts.htm
6. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024b, April 3). Occupational employment and wages, May 2023 - Information security analysts. Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes151212.htm
7. World Economic Forum. (2024, January 10). Global risks report 2024. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2024