2026 What Degree Do You Need To Be a Social Worker: Education Requirements in Virginia

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Many aspiring social workers grapple with understanding the precise education needed to succeed in Virginia’s competitive field. With over 19,000 social workers employed statewide, the demand for qualified professionals continues to rise, driven by diverse community needs. Securing the appropriate degree not only meets Virginia’s licensure requirements but also enhances career prospects and earning potential.

This article clarifies these education pathways, detailing degree options, licensure criteria, and relevant state mandates. Crafted by seasoned career planning experts, it guides readers through the complexities of becoming a licensed social worker in Virginia, empowering informed decisions aligned with professional goals.

Key Things to Know About Social Work Education Requirements in Virginia

A Bachelor's degree in Social Work (BSW) is the minimum education required to begin entry-level social work roles in Virginia, focusing on foundational knowledge and skills.
To practice clinically and obtain the Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) credential, a Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) from an accredited program is necessary, along with supervised experience.
Virginia requires ongoing continuing education to maintain licensure, emphasizing the importance of lifelong learning in adapting to evolving social work challenges.

What is the minimum degree required to become a licensed social worker in Virginia?
What courses are covered in a social work degree program in Virginia?
How long does it take to complete a social work degree program in Virginia?
How much does a social work degree cost in Virginia?
What degrees are required for different social work specializations in Virginia?
What financial aid options are available to social work students in Virginia?
What are the alternative pathways to become a social worker in Virginia?
What are the key career advancement opportunities for social workers in Virginia?
What is the job market outlook for social workers in Virginia?
Are online social work degrees recognized in Virginia?
What organizations accredit social work degree programs in Virginia?
What are the top institutions offering social work degree programs in Virginia?

What is the minimum degree required to become a licensed social worker in Virginia?

Meeting the educational standards set by Virginia ensures a strong foundation for social work practice, reflecting both rigorous academic training and professional integrity. The varied degrees correspond to different licensure levels, each shaping the scope and independence of practice.

Bachelor of Social Work (BSW): This degree from a CSWE-accredited program is the minimum to become a Licensed Baccalaureate Social Worker (LBSW). It allows entry-level practice under supervision but is essential for starting a credible social work career in Virginia.
Master of Social Work (MSW): A CSWE-accredited MSW qualifies one for Licensed Master’s Social Worker (LMSW) status and opens the path to Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) licensure. This degree provides the autonomy for independent practice and is foundational for clinical roles requiring supervised experience.
Doctorate in Social Work (DSW or PhD): Although not commonly required, a doctoral degree from an accredited program meets educational thresholds for advanced social work licensure, illustrating a commitment to leadership and expertise within the profession.

With 18 CSWE-accredited social work programs in Virginia available as of 2024, students have multiple pathways to achieve these qualifications. Entry-level candidates can begin their journey by earning a BSW and passing the corresponding ASWB exam. For those considering how to become a geriatric social worker or in other specialized areas, understanding the minimum degree required for a social worker license in Virginia is a crucial step toward informed career decisions.

What courses are covered in a social work degree program in Virginia?

Having the right coursework in a social work degree program lays a crucial foundation for effective practice and meeting licensing standards. The curriculum in Virginia emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical skills essential for diverse social work environments. Below are the core courses typically required, alongside key state-specific criteria.

Introduction to Social Work: An overview of social work values, history, and practice areas providing a base for further study.
Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Focuses on biological, psychological, and social influences on individuals and groups.
Social Welfare Policy and Services: Studies the creation and effects of social policies on communities and individuals.
Social Work Practice (Generalist Methods): Covers intervention strategies across individual, family, group, and community settings.
Research Methods in Social Work: Introduces qualitative and quantitative research techniques for evaluating social work outcomes.
Field Practicum/Internship: Requires supervised hands-on experience, with Virginia mandating 400–450 hours for undergraduates.
Communication and Interpersonal Skills: Develops professional communication essential for client and organizational interactions.
Ethics in Social Work: Emphasizes ethical standards guided by the NASW Code of Ethics.
Diversity, Cultural Competency, and Anti-Oppressive Practice: Prepares students to work equitably with diverse populations.
State-Specific Requirements: Includes ethics coursework and a minimum practicum, aligned with Virginia Board of Social Work and CSWE standards.

Reflecting the strong demand for these programs, the chart below shows that Virginia ranks among the states with the highest enrollment in BSW programs.

How long does it take to complete a social work degree program in Virginia?

The duration of a social work degree in Virginia directly shapes a student’s educational experience and trajectory into the profession. Knowing how long programs typically take helps in effective planning—from academic scheduling to managing financial and personal commitments. Various program structures and flexible options offer pathways tailored to different life circumstances, yet key requirements remain consistent across the state.

Bachelor of Social Work (BSW): Full-time students usually finish in 4 years, completing 120 credits and a required 400-hour field practicum typically over two semesters; part-time students will take longer based on course load.
Master of Social Work (MSW): Full-time regular standing students complete their degree in 2 years, while part-time study can extend to 3 years. Advanced standing options for recent BSW graduates reduce this to 12–16 months full-time or 2 years part-time by waiving foundation courses.
Doctor of Social Work (DSW): Targeting working professionals, these programs typically require 2–3 years full-time or up to 4 years part-time, including advanced practice and applied research projects.
PhD in Social Work: Focused on research, these degrees often span 3–5 years full-time, with part-time students taking 6 or more years due to comprehensive exams and dissertation work.

Fieldwork requirements: Essential for licensure and practical learning, field placements usually demand consistent weekly hours, influencing scheduling and potentially extending program length.
Enrollment status: Part-time study accommodates personal responsibilities but typically prolongs completion time.
Advanced standing and course waivers: Qualified students can significantly shorten MSW timelines, enabling faster entry into professional roles.
Program delivery formats: Online and hybrid options provide flexibility but do not necessarily reduce overall program duration.

One Virginia social worker I spoke with, who graduated from a local program, shared that her journey took about five years working mostly full-time with some part-time semesters thrown in to accommodate life’s unpredictability. “Balancing a job and family while meeting practicum hours was challenging,” she reflected. “Sometimes it felt like time was slipping away, but the structure of the program really helped me stay grounded. The fieldwork was intense yet rewarding—it made the long hours worthwhile.”

Her experience highlights how individual circumstances profoundly affect how long it takes to complete a degree, beyond the official timelines. She advised prospective students to prepare for a demanding but deeply fulfilling process that is as much about personal growth as academic achievement.

1157 international students were enrolled in MSW programs in 2022 to 2023.

How much does a social work degree cost in Virginia?

Knowing the tuition and fees associated with social work programs in Virginia helps students plan financially and choose programs that align with their long-term career goals. Considering the cost of a social work degree in Virginia early can prevent unexpected expenses and support more strategic budgeting.

Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) Tuition: Public universities typically charge in-state students $8,000 to $13,000 annually, while out-of-state students pay $20,000 to $35,000. Private schools generally cost $30,000 to $45,000 per year.
Master of Social Work (MSW) Tuition: For public programs, tuition ranges from $10,000 to $17,000 for in-state and $22,000 to $36,000 for out-of-state students. Private MSW programs may exceed $35,000 annually but often include scholarships or assistantships.
Doctor of Social Work (DSW): Public institutions charge Virginians about $12,000 to $18,000 per year, with higher fees for non-residents, while private programs typically cost more than $35,000 annually.
PhD in Social Work: Tuition at public universities usually falls between $13,000 and $20,000 for residents, with out-of-state costs up to $40,000. Many PhD candidates receive funding that reduces personal expenses.
Online vs. On-Campus Programs: Online tuition varies from $400 to $800 per credit hour for in-state students and can reach $1,200 for out-of-state, with some schools offering in-state rates to all students.

Additional fees for materials, background checks, and fieldwork can add $1,500 to $4,000 yearly, so these should be included when estimating total costs. Exploring financial aid options and loan forgiveness programs is vital in managing the tuition for BSW/MSW programs. For reliable insights on the social work career path and earnings, consider reviewing social work salary data across states.

What degrees are required for different social work specializations in Virginia?

Different social work roles in Virginia demand varying educational credentials due to the specialized skills and legal standards each area requires. Navigating the degree requirements for social work specializations in Virginia helps students align their education with career goals and licensure expectations.

Clinical Social Work: An MSW or Doctorate of Social Work from a CSWE-accredited program is required, alongside 3,000 hours of supervised post-graduate clinical experience, with programs usually including advanced clinical practicum hours.
School Social Work: The preferred degree is an MSW from a CSWE-accredited program, although some positions may accept a BSW combined with certification or experience, and licensure may require additional state education department criteria.
Healthcare Social Work: Most roles require an MSW, especially for clinical positions; entry-level healthcare social work may be accessible with a BSW, but psychotherapy or advanced care roles demand an LCSW license.
Child and Family Services: Entry-level jobs generally require a BSW, but advancing to clinical or supervisory roles typically requires an MSW and state licensure with post-graduate experience.
Generalist Social Work (Non-Clinical Roles): A BSW qualifies graduates for community-based practice and case management, supported by supervised field placements in accredited programs.
Advanced Leadership or Policy Roles: These positions often require an MSW or doctorate combined with significant field experience for program management, policy development, or research.

What financial aid options are available to social work students in Virginia?

Financial aid plays a pivotal role for students pursuing social work degrees in Virginia, significantly easing the financial challenges associated with higher education. By accessing targeted aid, students can reduce tuition burdens and focus more on their studies and professional growth within this vital field. Key financial aid options available to social work students in Virginia include:

Federal Grants: These need-based awards, such as Federal Pell Grants and FSEOG, provide non-repayable funding ranging typically from $100 to $4,000 annually to eligible undergraduates, helping offset tuition and fees.
State Scholarships and Tuition Waivers: Virginia offers specialized tuition waivers for groups like adopted and foster children, while programs like the Academic Common Market enable residents to access in-state rates for out-of-state social work programs not available locally.
Scholarships for BSW and MSW Programs: Numerous universities, including Virginia Commonwealth University, provide scholarships tailored for social work students, supplementing aid packages that average around $16,000 for BSW and over $10,000 for MSW candidates annually.
Federal Work-Study Programs: This program provides part-time employment opportunities in community service roles related to social work, allowing students to gain practical experience while earning income to finance their education.
Federal Student Loans: Direct Stafford Loans offer low-interest financing with options for subsidized interest based on need, facilitating access to funds up to $10,500 per year depending on enrollment and dependency status.
Funding from Professional Organizations: Groups such as the National Association of Social Workers Virginia Chapter offer scholarships and emergency funds, supporting students financially and professionally.
Research Assistantships and Stipends: Graduate students may receive financial support through assistantships and programs like VCU’s Child Welfare Stipend, combining funding with research or service obligations.
Savings Programs and Virginia529 Plans: Families can utilize state-sponsored college savings plans that grow tax-free, providing a strategic way to prepare financially for social work education.

Students exploring their options might also consider online MSW programs affordable enough to be accessible pathways that align with their professional goals in social work.

What are the alternative pathways to become a social worker in Virginia?

Transitioning into social work in Virginia is accessible for those with degrees in related fields like psychology or sociology, offering multiple pathways that don’t require starting over. These options provide flexibility for career changers to build on their prior education and experience, allowing a smoother entry into the profession.

Traditional MSW Pathway for Non-BSW Holders: Complete a full two-year MSW program designed for those without a social work degree, covering foundational social work knowledge.
Advanced Standing MSW Programs: For BSW graduates from accredited programs, these allow completion of the MSW in about one year, accelerating the path to licensure.
Leveraging Related Degrees: Degrees in psychology or sociology serve as strong foundations, often helping meet admission criteria or qualify for entry-level social service roles.
Post-Bachelor’s Certificates or Bridge Programs: These help students with non-social work backgrounds satisfy prerequisites and prepare for graduate social work study.
State-Specific Licensure by Endorsement: For those licensed in other states, Virginia allows licensure through endorsement, easing relocation transitions.

A social worker from Virginia, who graduated from a local school, shared that choosing the traditional MSW path after earning a psychology degree was challenging but rewarding. “Balancing coursework with real-world experience wasn’t easy. I often felt out of place initially, but leaning on my background in human behavior gave me confidence,” he said.

Registering for supervised hours and navigating licensing requirements felt daunting, yet the support of knowledgeable faculty and peers helped him persist. Reflecting on the journey, he emphasized how crucial it was to recognize that prior knowledge and determination can powerfully bridge the gap into social work. To put these pathways into perspective, the chart below shows how many BSW degrees were conferred across different types of institutions.

What are the key career advancement opportunities for social workers in Virginia?

Social workers in Virginia can pursue a variety of advancement opportunities aimed at expanding their expertise and leadership capabilities. Specialized certifications in areas such as clinical practice, policy development, or school social work help refine professional skills while meeting state licensure renewal standards. Participation in structured leadership programs and continuing education courses not only supports compliance with regulatory requirements but also positions practitioners for advanced roles in management or advocacy. Engagement in mentorship networks and peer-driven professional groups further enhances career trajectories by facilitating knowledge exchange and practical insight. For a detailed outline of educational steps and pathways, explore how to become a social worker in Virginia.

What is the job market outlook for social workers in Virginia?

Employment opportunities in Virginia for social work graduates are shaped by state policies, community needs, and evolving healthcare initiatives. Current trends show that demand remains steady across various sectors, including public health, child welfare, and mental health services. Employers place a premium on candidates with up-to-date licensure and specialized training, positioning academic credentials as key differentiators in the recruitment process. Graduates are encouraged to enhance their marketability by engaging in targeted internships, continuous professional development, and networking with local agencies. For alternative educational pathways that complement these career prospects, consider the fastest way to become a counselor in Virginia.

Are online social work degrees recognized in Virginia?

Online Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) and Master of Social Work (MSW) programs have become increasingly popular in Virginia, offering flexible options for those balancing work, family, and geographic challenges. For students, choosing an online program is more than convenience; it directly affects eligibility for licensure and employment. Without proper recognition, graduates may find themselves unable to attain the Licensed Social Worker (LSW) or Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) credentials required to practice professionally in the state.

Recognition of online social work degrees in Virginia depends chiefly on accreditation by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and meeting the Virginia Board of Social Work’s standards. Both Virginia Commonwealth University and Virginia State University provide fully CSWE-accredited online or hybrid programs, ensuring licensure eligibility.

Recent data shows that over half of social work master’s students nationwide enroll in online or hybrid programs, while 61% of employers now regard online degrees from accredited schools as equally credible to traditional ones, especially in professional fields like social work.

Students should also evaluate program quality beyond accreditation. Supervised fieldwork remains essential; reputable programs require placements at approved agencies to guarantee practical experience comparable to on-campus study. Hybrid options offering a blend of virtual coursework and in-person interactions can enhance learning and mentorship. Ultimately, selecting a CSWE-accredited program recognized by Virginia’s licensing board is crucial for licensure eligibility and successful entry into the professional workforce.

751,900 social workers were employed in the U.S. as of 2023.

What organizations accredit social work degree programs in Virginia?

Accreditation plays a vital role in maintaining the quality of social work education in Virginia, ensuring programs meet rigorous standards that prepare students for licensure and professional success. Choosing a program with the proper accreditation not only secures eligibility for state licensure but also enhances employment opportunities, reflecting the trust employers place in recognized credentials.

Council on Social Work Education (CSWE): This national body is the primary accreditor for social work programs in the U.S. Graduates from CSWE accredited social work programs in Virginia, including Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) and Master of Social Work (MSW) degrees, are eligible to apply for licensure through the Virginia Board of Social Work and most other states.
Regional Higher Education Accrediting Bodies: Institutions in Virginia must hold accreditation from a regional agency such as the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC). This regional accreditation is necessary for federal financial aid, credit transfers, and overall institutional recognition.
Virginia Board of Social Work (State Agency): While not accrediting programs directly, this board sets licensure standards and accepts degrees only from programs accredited by CSWE and regional bodies. Their approval is essential for graduates seeking to practice within the state.

For those exploring whether is social work a good degree, verifying accreditation status aligns with both professional requirements and workforce demand, reflecting the growing need for qualified social workers in Virginia’s expanding sector.

What are the top institutions offering social work degree programs in Virginia?

Choosing the right school for a social work degree in Virginia is a decision that impacts your accreditation status, career readiness, and financial investment. Accredited programs ensure you meet licensure requirements and provide quality preparation for the diverse challenges in social work practice.

Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU): Known for its large social work cohort and strong field placements, VCU offers both campus-based and online MSW options, with graduates earning above-average salaries in Virginia.
George Mason University (GMU): GMU provides CSWE-accredited BSW and MSW programs with flexible online tracks focused on research, policy, and social justice, preparing students for clinical and community roles.
Norfolk State University (NSU): NSU emphasizes advocacy and professional growth through extensive field opportunities in Hampton Roads and promotes student engagement in research and conference presentations.
Radford University: Offering rigorous academics and advanced standing MSW options, Radford’s program addresses both rural and urban community needs, appealing to those interested in diverse practice environments.
James Madison University (JMU): JMU’s program is well-regarded for practical training and support for economic mobility, especially for low-income students, reflected in strong alumni outcomes and positive community reputation.

When exploring the best social work schools in Virginia, prioritizing accredited social work programs Virginia offers is essential for licensure and career opportunities. For those interested in further education, consider exploring an online PhD social work as a pathway to deepen expertise and impact.

Completing my social work degree at Virginia Commonwealth University opened doors I hadn’t anticipated. The program’s blend of rigorous academics and hands-on experience in local communities truly prepared me for the real challenges in this field. Starting my career in a local school allowed me to see the immediate impact of my work on children's lives, which fuels my passion daily. It’s rewarding to know that I’m contributing to both the well-being of students and the strength of my community. The stability and respect for social workers here in Virginia make it a fulfilling career choice. - Tiffany

Pursuing social work at the University of Richmond provided unique opportunities to engage with Virginia’s diverse populations, cultivating my understanding of the cultural nuances affecting mental health. The supportive faculty encouraged professional development and helped me develop a reflective practice that’s essential for growth. Beginning my career in a local school felt like a natural extension of my studies, where every day brings new chances to advocate for students and support their personal growth. The balance between professional training and community impact has been invaluable to me. - Sharif

My experience studying social work at George Mason University was transformative both personally and professionally. Virginia’s rich cultural heritage and resources presented unique challenges that expanded my perspective on social justice issues. Working in a local school after graduation has allowed me to contribute directly to programs that enhance students’ lives and promote equity. The combination of academic excellence and community involvement really helped me become a more effective and compassionate social worker. - Lucia

References:

Council on Social Work Education. (2024). Annual Survey of Social Work Programs. CSWE
George Mason University College of Public Health. (2025). Social Work, MSW. GMU
Master of Social Work. (n.d.). Master of Social Work (MSW) Programs in Virginia - Campus and Online. MSW
Social Work License Map with edX. (2025). Become a Social Worker in Virginia. SWLM with edX
Virginia Commonwealth University. (2025). Bachelor of Social Work. VCU
Virginia Department of Health Professions. (n.d.). Board of Social Work. VIDHP
Virginia State University College of Humanities and Social Sciences. (n.d.). Master of Social Work. VSU
Virginia Union University. (2025). Master of Social Work Graduate Program. VUU
West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences. (2025). Make a Difference with a Master's in Social Work. WVU

Can you become a social worker in Virginia without a degree in social work?

In Virginia, becoming a licensed social worker generally requires a degree in social work, such as a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) or Master of Social Work (MSW). While it’s possible to work in related human services roles without a social work degree, obtaining licensure for clinical or advanced practice demands formal social work education accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE).

Those without a social work degree might pursue roles like case management or community support, but they cannot call themselves licensed social workers or provide clinical therapy. Therefore, while some entry-level positions may be open, a professional career as a social worker in Virginia typically necessitates earning a relevant degree and licensure.

Do you need a doctorate to become a clinical social worker in Virginia?

In Virginia, a doctorate is not required to become a clinical social worker. The standard educational requirement is a Master of Social Work (MSW) degree from an accredited program, followed by supervised clinical experience to obtain licensure as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW).

While pursuing a doctorate, such as a PhD or DSW, can enhance research opportunities or academic careers, it is not mandatory for clinical practice. This approach reflects the emphasis on practical training and supervised experience over advanced research degrees for clinical social work licensure in Virginia.

Do community colleges in Virginia offer social work degrees?

Community colleges in Virginia generally do not offer bachelor’s degrees specifically in social work, which is the standard requirement for becoming a licensed social worker in the state. However, many community colleges provide associate degrees or certificates in human services or related fields that can serve as a foundational step before transferring to a four-year institution.

Students often start at a community college to complete general education requirements and then transfer into a university program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) to obtain a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW). This pathway can be a cost-effective and accessible route for those seeking to enter the social work profession in Virginia.

What are the admission requirements for a BSW degree in Virginia?

Admission requirements for a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree in Virginia typically include a high school diploma or equivalent, a minimum GPA (often around 2.5 to 3.0), and completion of prerequisite courses such as English, psychology, and sociology. Many Virginia universities also require submission of letters of recommendation, a personal statement outlining your interest in social work, and sometimes an interview or background check.

Some programs may have competitive admission processes, so demonstrating volunteer or work experience in social services can strengthen your application. It's important to check specific university criteria, as requirements can vary across public and private institutions within the state.