History vs. Political Science Degree: Explaining the Difference in 2026

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A History degree focuses on understanding past events, societies, and cultures through analysis of sources and narratives. Political Science, by contrast, studies government systems, political behavior, and policy-making processes. Both fields develop critical thinking and research skills but emphasize different subject matter: History looks backward to interpret change over time, while Political Science analyzes current structures and power dynamics.

This article will explore key differences and overlaps between these degree programs, helping readers clarify their interests and make informed choices about their academic and career paths.

Key Points About Pursuing a History vs. Political Science Degree

History degrees typically focus on critical analysis of past events, averaging four years with tuition around $25,000 per year, leading to careers in education, research, or archives.
Political Science programs analyze government systems and political behavior, also lasting about four years with similar tuition, funneling graduates into public policy, law, or international relations.
Political Science graduates generally see higher median starting salaries, around $60,000, compared to History majors, who start near $50,000 on average.

What are History Degree Programs?

History degree programs in the United States provide students with an in-depth understanding of historical events, cultures, and societies through analytical research and critical evaluation. The curriculum emphasizes key areas such as American history, world history, political history, and specialized fields like diplomatic or gender history.

Typically, a Bachelor of Arts in History spans four years of full-time study. Coursework includes lectures, seminars, and research assignments, often culminating in a senior thesis or capstone project. Many programs also offer internships or opportunities to study abroad to enhance practical learning.

Admission to these programs usually requires a high school diploma or its equivalent, along with submission of standardized test scores (SAT or ACT), recommendation letters, and a personal essay. Highly selective schools may have acceptance rates under 10% and look for strong academic achievement paired with extracurricular involvement.

What are Political Science Degree Programs?

Political Science Degree Programs study the structure and operation of governments, the development of policies, and the distribution of power at various levels, including local, national, and international. Students engage with topics such as American government, political theory, comparative politics, international relations, public policy, and law.

The typical completion time for a bachelor's degree in political science is four years of full-time study. The curriculum often incorporates training in research methods, critical writing, and offers opportunities for independent research or internships to enhance practical experience.

Applicants usually need a high school diploma or equivalent, with some programs requiring a minimum GPA or standardized test scores for admission. Throughout the program, students hone key abilities like critical thinking, analysis, communication, and ethical reasoning, equipping them for professional roles in government, law, non-governmental organizations, and related sectors.

What are the similarities between History Degree Programs and Political Science Degree Programs?

History and political science degree programs share foundational academic goals and professional skill development. Both disciplines foster critical thinking and research abilities essential for various career paths. Understanding the similarities between history and political science degrees can help students choose the right program for their interests and goals.

Shared Core Subjects: Both programs cover international relations, philosophy, and social movements, offering overlapping content that explores cultural and political contexts through diverse perspectives.
Research and Analytical Skills: Students develop strong skills in interpreting primary and secondary sources, requiring synthesis and careful evaluation of complex historical and political data.
Program Structure: Typically, both degrees require about four years of full-time study in the U.S., including seminars, internships, and capstone projects that apply classroom learning to real-world situations.
Accessible Admission Requirements: Undergraduate applicants generally need a high school diploma or equivalent, with no specific prerequisites, making these programs accessible to students from various academic backgrounds.
Career-Ready Competencies: Graduates gain transferable skills in communication and problem-solving, preparing them for diverse roles such as policy analysis, journalism, and public service, demonstrating skills gained in history and political science programs.

For students considering accelerated study options, exploring the top associate degrees in 6 months online may provide additional pathways toward completing foundational coursework efficiently.

What are the differences between History Degree Programs and Political Science Degree Programs?

History and Political Science degrees each offer distinct lenses on understanding societies, focusing on different aspects of events and systems. History explores the expansive narrative of past events, while Political Science zeroes in on governance and policy dynamics. Their curricula, skills developed, and career opportunities reflect these unique perspectives.

Scope and Focus: History studies broad social, cultural, and economic changes over time, emphasizing context and causality; Political Science centers on government, power, public policy, and political institutions.
Curriculum: History coursework includes global and regional histories, historiography, and source analysis; Political Science covers comparative politics, international relations, political theory, and policy interpretation.
Skill Development: History hones research and critical thinking by synthesizing diverse sources into long-term narratives; Political Science sharpens data analysis, policy evaluation, and understanding of political structures.
Career Pathways: History graduates often pursue education, research, museums, journalism, or archives; Political Science grads commonly work in government, policy analysis, political consulting, and international relations.
Popularity and Outcomes: Political Science ranks among the top social science majors in the U.S. with over 35,000 degrees awarded annually; History attracts fewer students but offers versatile careers in public service and research.

What skills do you gain from History Degree Programs vs Political Science Degree Programs?

Understanding the distinct skills gained in history vs political science degree programs can help students choose the path best suited to their career goals. Both fields cultivate analytical abilities but emphasize different technical expertise and approaches.

Skill Outcomes for History Degree Programs

Critical Thinking: Analyzing past events deeply, identifying patterns, and evaluating source reliability to develop well-founded conclusions.
Research Methodology: Investigating primary and secondary sources to construct historical narratives and interpret evidence effectively.
Information Synthesis: Combining diverse data points into coherent explanations, a skill vital for historians, curators, and academic researchers.

These history degree skills vs political science distinctions show that history graduates are also valued in law, journalism, and public policy, where they contextualize current events using historical perspectives. Employment often spans education, government, and nonprofits, with many pursuing advanced research roles.

Skill Outcomes for Political Science Degree Programs

Data Analysis: Interpreting survey results and statistical models related to politics, essential for understanding governance and political behavior.
Policy Evaluation: Assessing the effects of laws and regulations using quantitative and qualitative methods for effective decision-making.
Forecasting: Predicting political trends and outcomes by analyzing historical and current data, aiding strategic planning in government and consulting.

Political science graduates frequently secure roles in government, policy analysis, consulting, and international relations. Their skills are crucial for campaign strategists and public affairs specialists who need to present complex data clearly. For further insights into program options, consider exploring easiest bachelor's degrees.

Which is more difficult, History Degree Programs or Political Science Degree Programs?

Determining the difficulty of history vs political science degrees depends largely on individual strengths and program focus. Both fall under social sciences and liberal arts, with similar academic rigor perceived by students, but their course demands differ significantly.

History degree programs emphasize extensive reading, critical analysis of primary sources, and long-form writing assignments. Students are tasked with in-depth research papers requiring synthesis of complex historical data and strong argumentation skills.

Assessment usually focuses on essays and written exams, reflecting the analytical and writing intensity of the field. This approach shapes the difficulty of history vs political science degrees for students who thrive in structured, evidence-based argument construction.

Political Science programs cover diverse topics including theory, quantitative methods, policy analysis, and international relations. Coursework often involves statistical analysis, policy briefs, and both written and oral exams.

The workload can vary greatly, as some programs are research-intensive while others allow more course flexibility, which influences the perception of which major is harder history or political science for individual learners.

Ultimately, difficulty varies with a student's analytical, writing, and quantitative skills. For those seeking affordable, flexible learning options, exploring associates degree online cheap programs could be beneficial while deciding between these two fields.

What are the career outcomes for History Degree Programs vs Political Science Degree Programs?

Both History and Political Science degrees equip graduates with strong analytical and communication skills, but they tend to lead to distinct career paths. Understanding these differences is crucial for students assessing their future opportunities and earning potential.

Below, the career outcomes for history degree programs and political science degree programs are outlined, highlighting demand, income prospects, and typical job roles.

Career Outcomes for History Degree Programs

Graduates with a history degree often find career opportunities for history graduates in the United States centered around education, cultural institutions, and public history. Demand is strongest in museums, libraries, education, and preservation sectors, although competition can be intense and advanced degrees may be required for many positions.

The average starting salary for history majors is about $50,000, reflecting a modest earning potential compared to some other fields.

Education Coordinator: Develop and lead educational programs for schools or museums.
Archivist: Manage and preserve historical documents and records in archives or libraries.
Public Historian: Work with organizations on restoration, preservation, or historical program development.

Career Outcomes for Political Science Degree Programs

Political science degree jobs and salaries in 2025 are projected to be favorable especially in government, public administration, and consulting sectors. Political science graduates often have higher median salaries than history majors, with an average starting salary near $58,000.

Job growth is steady, driven by demand for policy analysts, legislative staff, and public administrators. Skills learned translate well into business consulting and international relations.

Policy Analyst: Research and evaluate policies affecting public or private sectors.
Campaign Manager: Coordinate political campaigns and manage communications strategies.
Government Administrator: Oversee government programs and ensure regulatory compliance.

Both degrees offer pathways toward advanced graduate study including law school and public administration. Students should consider exploring options at reputable institutions like non profit regionally accredited online colleges to maximize career flexibility and advancement potential.

How much does it cost to pursue History Degree Programs vs Political Science Degree Programs?

The annual tuition for undergraduate degrees in History and Political Science can vary widely across the United States, influenced by factors like the type of institution and mode of study. Public universities offer more affordable rates for in-state students, while private schools tend to be considerably more expensive. Online programs provide cost-effective alternatives for both fields.

For History degrees, on-campus tuition at public universities generally ranges between $20,000 and $35,000 per year for residents, excluding additional expenses such as housing and books. Private colleges often charge well over $50,000 annually.

Online history programs tend to be more budget-friendly, with tuition costs falling between $2,500 and $12,720 annually at select public institutions such as Fayetteville State University and Sterling College, which are noted for their affordability.

Political Science undergraduate tuition shows a similar pattern. Public universities charge in-state students $20,000 to $35,000 yearly for on-campus study, with private institutions typically setting higher prices.

Online options vary by school: American Public University bills between $250 and $350 per credit, totaling about $30,000 to $42,000 for a full bachelor's degree, while Indiana University East charges $242.48 per credit for residents and $352.96 for non-residents.

Graduate programs in both disciplines average $51,740 at public schools and $62,550 at private for-profit institutions. Overall, master's degree expenses can range from roughly $44,640 to $71,140 depending on the program and school type.

Financial aid, scholarships, and fellowships are commonly accessible for students pursuing History or Political Science degrees at all academic levels.

How to choose between History Degree Programs and Political Science Degree Programs?

Deciding between a history degree and a political science degree involves evaluating your interests and career goals. Understanding each discipline's focus helps you make an informed choice based on your strengths and aspirations.

Interest in subject matter: History appeals to those who enjoy exploring past events, cultural changes, and constructing broad narratives across time.
Analytical approach: Political science suits individuals drawn to data interpretation, policy-making, and analyzing contemporary political systems.
Career objectives: History graduates often pursue education, research, law, or museum work, while political science majors target government, policy analysis, consulting, and international roles.
Academic strengths: If you excel at writing, synthesizing diverse sources, and critical thinking, history may be the best choice; if you prefer statistics and empirical research, political science could be a better fit.
Learning preferences: History programs reward extensive reading and argument construction, whereas political science requires comfort with quantitative methods and current affairs debate.

For students aiming for government or policy-related professions, focusing on the best history degree programs for government careers can provide specialized advantages. Meanwhile, those exploring how to choose political science vs history degree should consider how each aligns with their analytical and professional goals. With only 65 students graduating in combined history and political science programs in 2021-2022, these fields remain specialized choices.

Consider reviewing the options offered by the best affordable online universities for job holders if balancing education with work. Choosing history is ideal if you prefer deep contextual analysis and narrative synthesis, while political science fits candidates interested in data-driven political analysis and policy development.

What Graduates Say About Their Degrees in History Degree Programs and Political Science Degree Programs

Westin: "The History Degree Program challenged me to think critically about complex events and their causes, often pushing me beyond my limits academically. The rigorous training prepared me well for research roles, and I now work at a historical consulting firm where my analytical skills are highly valued."

Peter: "What stood out most in the Political Science Degree was the chance to engage with real-world policy analysis through internships and faculty-led projects. This hands-on experience was invaluable and has definitely accelerated my career growth in public administration."

Andrew: "Choosing a History Degree opened up unique opportunities to participate in archival research and community outreach programs, which enhanced my understanding of diverse perspectives. These experiences gave me a competitive edge in the job market, resulting in a rewarding position with a cultural heritage organization."

Other Things You Should Know About History Degree Programs & Political Science Degree Programs

Can a History degree lead to a career in politics?

A History degree can prepare students for careers in politics by developing critical thinking and research skills that are valuable in political analysis and policymaking. However, it often requires gaining additional experience or education in political science or public administration to work directly in politics.

Is political science more quantitative than history?

Yes, political science typically involves more quantitative methods, including statistics and data analysis, especially in subfields like political behavior or comparative politics. In contrast, history focuses more on qualitative research, analysis of texts, and interpreting historical events.

Which degree is better for pursuing law school?

Both History and Political Science degrees are common pre-law majors because they strengthen skills in critical reading, writing, and argumentation. Political Science may offer a slight edge in familiarity with government and legal systems, but law schools accept students from a wide range of academic backgrounds.

Do political science graduates often work in international relations?

Yes, political science graduates frequently pursue careers in international relations, including roles in diplomacy, foreign service, or international organizations. The degree provides foundational knowledge of global politics, policy analysis, and international law, which are essential for these fields.