2026 Best Biology Majors to Pursue: Salary, Industries & Job Opportunities

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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What can I expect from a biology major?

You can expect a rigorous and hands-on curriculum that combines foundational lectures with extensive lab work, data analysis, and research projects. A bachelor's degree in biology typically requires around 120 credits, which most full-time students complete in four years.

The coursework builds a strong scientific foundation. You will take core classes in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. This structure is designed to develop the sharp critical thinking and analytical skills that employers in scientific fields value most.

Financially, the total tuition for a four-year program can range from under $40,000 at an in-state public university to over $130,000 at a private institution. Most students, however, receive financial aid to help offset these costs.

Where can I work with a biology major?

A biology degree opens doors to a wide array of industries, many of which go far beyond traditional lab or healthcare settings. Biologists are 47% more likely to work at private companies, and 27% of them are employed by large companies with over 1,000 employees.

The data shows that graduates find opportunities across diverse and dynamic sectors of the economy.

• Professional and Government Sectors: Each of these large sectors employs 18% of the biologist workforce in roles ranging from research to policy.
• Technology Industry: This fast-growing sector employs 10% of biology graduates, often in exciting biotech and data analysis positions.
• Healthcare Field: This traditional powerhouse accounts for 9% of the workforce in roles from clinical research to patient care.
• Education Sector: About 8% of graduates work in education, from high school teaching to university-level instruction.

How much can I make with a biology major?

Salaries for biology majors are competitive, averaging $85,563 per year, but your specific earnings will depend on several key factors. Understanding these drivers is the first step to maximizing your return on your educational investment.

Here is a breakdown of what influences your potential income.

• Industry and Specialization: Salaries can range from an average of $63,498 to $114,109, with top-paying jobs like Biostatistician earning much more.
• Level of Experience: Compensation grows with experience as experts average $88,315, and overall salaries have increased 16% in the last 5 years.
• Geographic Location: States with a high cost of living and strong biotech sectors pay more, with California averaging $94,375.
• Educational Attainment: Holding a Master's degree can increase your median salary to between $79,844 and $86,813.
• Market and Economic Factors: Salaries reflect the wider economy, with the median salary shifting from $82,584 in 2023 to a projected $80,483 in 2025.

Beyond direct salary, many roles offer strong benefits packages. It's also worth noting that women in the field earn 101% of what men do, indicating excellent pay equity.

List of the Best Biology Majors to Pursue in 2026

1. University of North Carolina at Greensboro - Biology, B.S. - Biotechnology Concentration

The University of North Carolina at Greensboro provides a curriculum focused on professional careers in developing medicinal, agricultural, and environmental products. The program emphasizes hands-on field and laboratory research opportunities with award-winning faculty, preparing students for technical roles or advanced graduate study.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Yearly Tuition: $19,096 (in-state); $36,070 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)

2. Ball State University - Biology, B.A./B.S. - Genetics Concentration

Ball State University offers a program that immerses students in the cutting-edge fields of genetics and genomics through a robust curriculum and hands-on laboratory experiences. Small class sizes and personalized faculty mentorship ensure students can tailor their coursework to individual career goals in research or industry.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Cost per Credit: $346 (in-state); $1,151 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC)

3. Minnesota State University, Mankato - Biology, B.S. - Microbiology

Minnesota State University, Mankato provides a comprehensive understanding of microorganisms and their diverse roles in health, agriculture, and the environment. The program develops practical and theoretical skills necessary for professional careers in quality assurance, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and public health laboratories.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Cost per Credit: $352.70 (in-state); $758.90 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC)

4. University of Utah - Biology, B.S./B.A. - Cell and Molecular Biology Emphasis

The University of Utah offers a curriculum focused on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that are the foundation of biological processes. The program emphasizes critical thinking and practical laboratory experience, preparing graduates for advanced studies and careers in research, healthcare, and biotechnology.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 122
• Cost per Credit: $245 (in-state); $844 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham - Biology, B.S. - Integrative Biology

The University of Alabama at Birmingham provides a comprehensive, hands-on education with instruction from world-renowned faculty in state-of-the-art labs. The program offers unique fieldwork opportunities and several specialized tracks, preparing students for a wide array of careers in healthcare, research, and conservation.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Yearly Tuition: $11,640 (in-state); $28,980 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)

6. Kennesaw State University - Biology, B.S. - General Biology & Human Health Concentration

Kennesaw State University provides an interdisciplinary program that explores living systems from the atomic to the biosphere level, stressing the importance of research. Students practice the scientific process in highly experiential lab courses and can choose between two concentrations to align with their career goals.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Cost per Credit: $190 (in-state); $701 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)

7. The University of South Florida - Biology B.S., with Medical Biology Concentration

The University of South Florida offers a program with a pre-professional focus designed to prepare students for careers in medicine, dentistry, and pharmacology. The curriculum emphasizes critical thinking and competency in experimental design, providing a strong foundation for health-related graduate programs.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Cost per Credit: $211.19 (in-state); $611.39 (out-of-state)
• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)

8. Hamline University - Biology Major (BA) - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Concentration

Hamline University provides a curriculum focused on the interactions between organisms and their environments, with a strong emphasis on experiential learning through fieldwork. The program prepares students for careers in ecology, conservation biology, and environmental science through rigorous coursework and independent research projects.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 128
• Cost per Credit: $1,045
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC)

9. Seattle University - Biology, BS - Biomedical Sciences & Data Science

Seattle University offers intellectually challenging courses that explore the diversity of life, with over 90% of classes including a hands-on lab component. Students can pursue a broad biological education or choose a specialized concentration to prepare for careers in healthcare or computational biology.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Quarter Credits to Graduate: 180
• Quarterly Tuition: $19,275
• Accreditation: Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)

10. San Francisco State University - Biology, B.S. - Concentration in Cell and Molecular Biology

San Francisco State University provides a strong foundation in biological sciences with an emphasis on molecular and cellular processes. The curriculum is designed to prepare students for careers in research, medicine, and biotechnology by integrating a range of disciplines and encouraging practical research experience.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Required Credits to Graduate: 120
• Semester Tuition: $4,553 (in-state)
• Accreditation: WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC)

How long does it take to complete a biology major?

A bachelor's degree in biology typically takes four years of full-time study to complete. This timeline can sometimes be shortened if you have Advanced Placement credits from high school. For students who need to balance their studies with work or family, a part-time schedule will extend the time it takes to graduate.

However, your long-term career goals are the most important factor in your educational timeline. Many of the highest-paying roles require advanced study, and the best biology majors provide a strong foundation for this. A master's degree usually adds another two years, while a Ph.D. can take an additional five to seven years.

This is a common path, as 59% of biology majors go on to earn an advanced degree. The degrees awarded in the field reflect this trend, with 75.1% being bachelor's degrees and 12.9% being master's degrees. The chart below shows the full breakdown of degrees awarded to biology majors.

How does an online biology major compare to an on-campus program?

The choice between an online and on-campus program depends on your personal needs for flexibility versus hands-on research opportunities. For those specifically seeking a virtual option that aligns with a tradition of academic excellence and cultural heritage, exploring HBCU online masters programs can provide a valuable pathway. The reputation and accreditation of the school matter far more than the format, so you can choose the path that fits your life best.

Online Biology Degree Programs

Online programs offer maximum flexibility, making them a great choice for students who are also working or managing family commitments. For professionals, targeted credentials like online biotechnology graduate certificate programs can be a highly efficient way to gain specialized skills for a career pivot without committing to a full four-year degree. While you won't be in a traditional lab, coursework is managed through virtual labs and at-home lab kits.

On-Campus Biology Degree Programs

An on-campus program provides direct, hands-on access to state-of-the-art laboratories and university research facilities. This format is ideal if you want to work closely with faculty on research projects and build a strong network with your peers. It offers a more traditional, immersive college experience that is centered on the campus community and its resources.

What is the average cost of earning a biology major?

The total tuition for a biology major can range from under $20,000 to over $130,000. For a four-year degree, the average total tuition for in-state students at public universities is around $37,338. For out-of-state students, that average increases to approximately $78,748. These figures do not include additional costs like fees, housing, or books.

While this is a significant expense, a biology degree can be an excellent investment, especially when directed toward high-growth specializations. A strategic choice of major can lead to a career with a very high earning potential. For example, a biostatistician can earn a median salary of $134,000, while a computational biologist can earn around $117,000 per year. The chart below highlights some of the top-paying jobs in the field.

What are the financial aid options for students enrolling in a biology major?

Numerous financial aid options exist to help you fund your biology degree. You are not alone in needing them, as 87% of students receive some form of financial aid. However, with 90% of Pell Grant recipients still having unmet financial need, it is smart to explore every available avenue.

Here are the primary sources of funding to consider.

• Federal Grants: This is a form of need-based aid from the government that you do not have to repay. The first step to qualifying is completing the FAFSA, which is the universal application for most federal and state aid.
• Scholarships: These are merit-based or need-based awards from universities, private companies, and nonprofit organizations that do not require repayment.
• Work-Study Programs: This federal program allows you to earn money to pay for educational expenses through a part-time job on or off campus.
• Federal Student Loans: These are government-backed loans with fixed interest rates and more flexible repayment options than private loans.
• Private Student Loans: These non-government loans are offered by banks and credit unions and typically require a credit check or a cosigner.

What are the prerequisites for enrolling in a biology major?

Admission requirements vary by school, but most programs look for a strong academic foundation. Here are the typical requirements for enrolling in a bachelor's program.

• High School Diploma or GED: This is the fundamental requirement for admission to any undergraduate program.
• Strong Science Coursework: Applicants should have high grades in high school biology, chemistry, and preferably physics.
• Solid Math Foundation: Proficiency in algebra and pre-calculus is essential for success in college-level science courses.
• Standardized Test Scores: While many schools are now test-optional, strong SAT or ACT scores can still bolster an application.
• Letters of Recommendation: Positive recommendations from science or math teachers can significantly strengthen your admissions profile.

Beyond meeting these prerequisites, it is vital to choose a quality program. A key indicator of a strong curriculum is accreditation from a professional body like the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) that meets high-quality education standards.

What courses are typically in a biology major?

A biology major is built on a structured curriculum that combines broad foundational knowledge with deep specialization. Your path through the degree will typically include these key components.

• General Education Core: These are university-wide requirements in subjects like humanities, social sciences, and communications that ensure a well-rounded education.
• Foundational Sciences: All biology majors must complete core sequences in general chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, and calculus, as these subjects provide the chemical and quantitative tools for modern biology.
• Major Core Courses: This is the heart of your degree, with required upper-division courses in foundational topics like genetics, cell biology, ecology, and evolution.
• Major Electives: This is where you customize your degree by choosing specialized courses that align with your interests, such as immunology, marine biology, or even a practical credential like an online sterile processing technician certificate program.
• Capstone Project or Thesis: Many programs culminate in a senior-level research project or thesis, where you conduct independent research under the guidance of a faculty mentor.

This structure is designed to build practical, hands-on skills. The emphasis on lab work and research is why data collection is the most common skill (7.4%) found on the resumes of biology graduates.

What types of specializations are available in biology majors?

Specialization is where you tailor your degree to your specific career goals. Here are some of the most common and impactful specializations available. To explore colleges with strong science programs and unique learning environments, you might be interested in the best women's colleges.

• Molecular and Cell Biology: This focuses on the microscopic components of life, from DNA to cellular organelles, and leads to careers in biomedical research and pharmaceuticals.
• Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: This studies how organisms interact with each other and their environment, preparing you for roles in conservation, environmental consulting, and wildlife management.
• Microbiology: This is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which is critical for careers in public health, epidemiology, and pharmaceutical development.
• Marine Biology: This focuses on the study of aquatic life and ecosystems, leading to careers in marine conservation, aquaculture, and oceanographic research.
• Biotechnology: This is an applied field that uses biological systems to create new technologies and products. Exploring masters in biotechnology careers reveals paths in genetic engineering, drug development, and bioinformatics.
• Neuroscience: This specialization focuses on the brain and nervous system, opening doors to research in cognitive science, medicine, and neuropsychology.
• Pre-Health Professions: Many students specialize in a pre-medical or pre-health track that includes the specific coursework required for admission to medical, dental, or veterinary school.

While there are many options, some paths are more common than others. As the chart below shows, general biology remains the most popular major, followed by ecology. Additional education in a related field could even lead to a profession like school counseling, where you'd pursue specific requirements for school counseling licensure.

How to Choose the Best Biology Major

Choosing the right major involves a thoughtful process of self-reflection and research. Following these steps can help you find the best biology majors for your specific goals and talents.

• Assess Your Interests: Identify which specific topics in biology genuinely excite you and align with your long-term curiosity.
• Evaluate Your Strengths: Consider your academic talents by reviewing the easiest and hardest science majors to see where your skills in areas like lab work or quantitative analysis best fit.
• Research Career Paths: Look into the job outlook, daily responsibilities, and salary potential for the specializations that interest you most.
• Seek Hands-On Experience: Get a real-world feel for a potential field by volunteering at a lab, shadowing a professional, or finding an internship.
• Review Program Curricula: Examine the specific courses and research opportunities at different universities to find a program that directly supports your career ambitions.

What career paths are available for graduates of a biology major?

A biology degree unlocks a diverse range of career paths across many sectors. Here are just a few of the roles you can pursue.

1. Environmental Scientist

You will study environmental challenges and develop solutions to protect natural resources. Your work often involves fieldwork, data collection, and policy recommendations.

Median Salary: $76,000 per year.

2. Microbiologist

You will study microorganisms like bacteria and viruses to understand diseases and develop new drugs. Your work is primarily lab-based and crucial for public health and biotechnology.

Median Salary: $83,000 per year.

3. Forensic Science Technician

You will collect and analyze physical evidence from crime scenes to help solve criminal investigations. Your work combines laboratory science with meticulous attention to detail.

Median Salary: $64,000 per year.

4. Clinical Research Coordinator

You will manage clinical trials for new drugs and medical devices, ensuring they are conducted safely and efficiently. This role blends scientific knowledge with project management skills.

Median Salary: $62,000 per year.

5. Science Writer

You will translate complex scientific information into clear, engaging content for the general public. This path is ideal for strong communicators passionate about science.

Median Salary: $78,000 per year.

These examples are just the beginning. For those interested in roles outside of traditional research or healthcare, there are many biology alternative careers in fields like policy, business, and law.

What is the job market for graduates with a biology degree?

The job market for biology graduates is stable and expansive, though competition can vary by specialization. There are currently 5,741 active job openings for biologists, with a projected 1% growth rate in the coming years. In total, approximately 3.5 million positions in the U.S. are held by professionals with a biology degree, showing a broad and consistent demand for these skills.

The modern job market is also dynamic. With 34,666 biologists currently employed in core roles, the field is constantly growing. Data shows that 15% of graduates work part-time, and 31% stay at their jobs for one to two years. This reflects a healthy landscape where professionals have the flexibility to move between roles and industries as they advance in their careers. For those with one of the best biology majors, the outlook is strong. If you are interested in a related field, you can review the current outlook and potential geoscience salary.

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